Allergy. 2011 Dec;66(12):1563-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02691.x. Epub 2011 Aug 18.
Anisakis simplex (As), a parasite in fish, is able to sensitize humans via the alimentary tract. The prevalence of hypersensitivity and allergy to As outside the Iberian peninsula has not been investigated so far. We investigated Anisakis hypersensitivity in different areas of Italy.
Consecutive subjects seen at 34 Italian allergy centers from October to December 2010 were investigated both by specific interview and by skin prick test (SPT) with As extract.
A total of 10 570 subjects were screened, of which 474 (4.5%) scored positive on Anisakis SPT and 66 of these (14% of those sensitized; 0.6% of the studied population) had a history of As allergy. Marinated anchovies were the most frequent cause of allergic reactions. Thirty-four (52%) patients were mono-sensitized to Anisakis. Sensitization rate showed marked geographic differences (range: 0.4-12.7%), being highest along the Adriatic and Tyrrhenian coasts, where homemade marinated anchovies are an age-old tradition. In inland centers in northern Italy, the prevalence was directly related to the number of inhabitants. The analysis of the impact of immigration on the prevalence of Anisakis hypersensitivity showed that about 60% of sensitized subjects in Milano and Torino came from southern Italy or from non-European countries.
Anisakis hypersensitivity and allergy are mainly a matter of dietary habits. Areas where marinated anchovies are popular can be considered as 'endemic' for this type of food allergy, whereas immigration and, possibly, new or imported trendy food styles, such as eating raw fish carpaccios or sushi, are a major causative factor in big cities of inland zones.
鱼类寄生虫似蚓蛔线虫（As）能够通过消化道使人类致敏。目前尚未对伊比利亚半岛以外地区似蚓蛔线虫过敏和超敏反应的流行情况进行调查。我们调查了意大利不同地区的似蚓蛔线虫过敏情况。
2010 年 10 月至 12 月，34 家意大利过敏中心连续对患者进行调查，通过专门访谈和采用似蚓蛔线虫提取物进行皮肤点刺试验（SPT）对患者进行调查。
共筛查了 10570 例患者，其中 474 例（4.5%）对似蚓蛔线虫 SPT 呈阳性，其中 66 例（占致敏者的 14%；占研究人群的 0.6%）有似蚓蛔线虫过敏史。腌凤尾鱼是引起过敏反应最常见的原因。34 例（52%）患者对似蚓蛔线虫呈单一敏感性。致敏率显示出明显的地域差异（范围：0.4-12.7%），在亚得里亚海和第勒尼安海沿岸最高，那里自制腌凤尾鱼是古老的传统。在意大利北部内陆中心，流行率与居民人数直接相关。对移民对似蚓蛔线虫超敏反应流行率的影响进行分析后发现，米兰和都灵约 60%的致敏患者来自意大利南部或非欧洲国家。
似蚓蛔线虫过敏和过敏主要与饮食习惯有关。喜欢吃腌凤尾鱼的地区可被视为这种食物过敏的“流行地区”，而移民以及可能的新的或进口的流行食品风格，如食用生鱼片 Carpaccio 或寿司，是内陆大城市的一个主要致病因素。
