Laboratory for Ecophysiology, Biochemistry and Toxicology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2011 Oct 15;256(2):136-45. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.07.020. Epub 2011 Aug 6.
In the last decade, physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models have increasingly been developed to explain the kinetics of environmental pollutants in wildlife. For marine mammals specifically, these models provide a new, non-destructive tool that enables the integration of biomonitoring activities and in vitro studies. The goals of the present study were firstly to develop PBPK models for several environmental relevant PCB congeners in harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena), a species that is sensitive to pollution because of its limited metabolic capacity for pollutant transformation. These models were tested using tissue data of porpoises from the Black Sea. Secondly, the predictive power of the models was investigated for time trends in the PCB concentrations in North Sea harbor porpoises between 1990 and 2008. Thirdly, attempts were made to assess metabolic capacities of harbor porpoises for the investigated PCBs. In general, results show that parameter values from other species (rodents, humans) are not always suitable in marine mammal models, most probably due to differences in physiology and exposure. The PCB 149 levels decrease the fastest in male harbor porpoises from the North Sea in a time period of 18years, whereas the PCB 101 levels decrease the slowest. According to the models, metabolic breakdown of PCB 118 is probably of lesser importance compared to other elimination pathways. For PCB 101 and 149 however, the presence of their metabolites can be attributed to bioaccumulation of metabolites from the prey and to metabolic breakdown of the parent compounds in the harbor porpoises.
在过去的十年中，生理相关的药代动力学（PBPK）模型已越来越多地被开发出来，用于解释环境污染物在野生动物中的动力学。对于海洋哺乳动物来说，这些模型提供了一种新的、非破坏性的工具，使生物监测活动和体外研究能够整合在一起。本研究的目的首先是为几种环境相关的多氯联苯同系物在港湾海豚（Phocoena phocoena）中建立 PBPK 模型，由于其污染物转化的有限代谢能力，该物种对污染非常敏感。这些模型使用来自黑海的海豚组织数据进行了测试。其次，调查了这些模型对 1990 年至 2008 年北海港湾海豚中 PCB 浓度时间趋势的预测能力。第三，尝试评估港湾海豚对所研究的多氯联苯的代谢能力。总的来说，结果表明，其他物种（啮齿动物、人类）的参数值在海洋哺乳动物模型中并不总是适用，这很可能是由于生理学和暴露的差异。在 18 年的时间内，来自北海的雄性港湾海豚体内的 PCB 149 水平下降最快，而 PCB 101 水平下降最慢。根据模型，PCB 118 的代谢分解可能不如其他消除途径重要。然而，对于 PCB 101 和 149，其代谢物的存在可以归因于来自猎物的代谢物的生物积累和港湾海豚体内母体化合物的代谢分解。
