Kardasz Małgorzata, Małyszko Jacek, Stefańska Ewa, Ostrowska Lucyna
Zakład Dietetyki i Zywienia Klinicznego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Białymstoku.
Przegl Lek. 2011;68(4):216-21.
Adherence to a proper diet has a vast impact on the correct course of dialyses, wellbeing, and the results of some laboratory investigations in patients with declining renal failure. The nutritional status of dialysis patients is closely related to food and specific nutrients intake. The aim of study was assessment of dietary habits in dialysis patients. The study included 27 patients peritoneal dialysis (PD) and 92 hemodialysis (HD). In all of dialysis patients the following measurements were taken: body weight and height. The food intake was assessed by 24-hour dietary recall, (according to nutritional components). The portion size was estimated on the "Album of portions of products and dishes". The results were compared with dietary recommendations for dialysis patients and analyzed by computer software Dietetic 2 designed in the Institute of Food and Nutrition in Warsaw but computer program Statistica 7.0 was used for calculations. In all studied dialysis patients an irregular diet were observed. The diet was characterized by a low energetic value and low intake of proteins, carbohydrates, fiber and calcium, as well as by a too high fats. Among women's and man's in both groups were noted underweight: (W in PD patients--7%, M in DO patients--8%, W in HD patients--4%), overweight (W in PD patients--33%, M in DO patients--25%, W in HD patients--38%, M in HD patients--36%) and obesity (W in PD patients--26%, M in DO patients--33%, W in HD patients--22%, M in HD patients--21%). The study revealed that the daily food rations of peritoneal dialysis women were found to have a significantly higher the average intake dietary fiber (18.3 +/- 5.5 g/day) and higher potassium intake (2758.5 +/- 787.5 mg/day) as compared to the average intake dietary fiber (11.7 +/- 5.4 g/ day; p < 0.0001) and potassium intake (1612.9 +/- 822.9 mg/day; p < 0.0001) of hemodialysis women. The regular dietician advice is necessary for monitoring of patients nutrition.
坚持合理饮食对肾衰竭患者的透析正确进程、健康状况以及一些实验室检查结果有着巨大影响。透析患者的营养状况与食物及特定营养素的摄入密切相关。本研究的目的是评估透析患者的饮食习惯。该研究纳入了27例腹膜透析（PD）患者和92例血液透析（HD）患者。对所有透析患者进行了以下测量：体重和身高。通过24小时饮食回顾法（根据营养成分）评估食物摄入量。食物分量依据“食品和菜肴分量图集”进行估算。将结果与透析患者的饮食建议进行比较，并通过华沙食品与营养研究所设计的Dietetic 2计算机软件进行分析，但计算使用的是Statistica 7.0计算机程序。在所有研究的透析患者中均观察到饮食不规律。其饮食特点是能量值低，蛋白质、碳水化合物、纤维和钙的摄入量低，以及脂肪摄入量过高。在两组的女性和男性中均发现有体重过轻的情况（腹膜透析患者中的女性为7%，血液透析患者中的男性为8%，血液透析患者中的女性为4%）、超重情况（腹膜透析患者中的女性为33%，血液透析患者中的男性为25%，血液透析患者中的女性为38%，血液透析患者中的男性为36%）和肥胖情况（腹膜透析患者中的女性为26%，血液透析患者中的男性为33%，血液透析患者中的女性为22%，血液透析患者中的男性为21%）。研究发现，与血液透析女性的平均膳食纤维摄入量（11.7±5.4克/天；p<0.0001）和钾摄入量（1612.9±822.9毫克/天；p<0.0001）相比，腹膜透析女性的每日食物定量中膳食纤维平均摄入量显著更高（18.3±5.5克/天），钾摄入量也更高（2758.5±787.5毫克/天）。对患者营养状况进行监测需要定期的营养师建议。
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