King's College London, MRC Centre for Transplantation, Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, UK.
Immunobiology. 2012 Feb;217(2):225-34. doi: 10.1016/j.imbio.2011.07.016. Epub 2011 Jul 23.
Anaphylatoxins are a group of small peptides (i.e. C3a, C4a and C5a) generated by complement activation and play important roles in innate immunity through the initiation and regulation of inflammatory responses. More recent studies have revealed that, in addition to their traditional roles in inflammation, anaphylatoxins also significantly influence the adaptive immune response. It does so through a number of mechanisms and by targeting various cells. One important mechanism is that anaphylatoxins (C3a, C5a) act on their receptors expressed on innate immune cells such as dendritic cells. This modulates cell activation and their functions in initiating and regulating T cell responses and thus influencing T cell immunity. This review provides an overview of anaphylatoxins in adaptive immune regulation focusing on their roles in modulating dendritic cell and macrophage functions and the importance of local production of complement in this regulation.
过敏毒素是补体激活产生的一组小肽（即 C3a、C4a 和 C5a），通过启动和调节炎症反应，在先天免疫中发挥重要作用。最近的研究表明，除了在炎症中的传统作用外，过敏毒素还显著影响适应性免疫反应。它通过多种机制和针对各种细胞来实现这一点。一个重要的机制是过敏毒素（C3a、C5a）作用于先天免疫细胞（如树突状细胞）上表达的受体。这调节细胞激活及其在启动和调节 T 细胞反应中的功能，从而影响 T 细胞免疫。本综述概述了过敏毒素在适应性免疫调节中的作用，重点介绍了它们在调节树突状细胞和巨噬细胞功能中的作用，以及补体在这种调节中的局部产生的重要性。
