Bowden G H
Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
J Dent Res. 1990 May;69(5):1205-10. doi: 10.1177/00220345900690051701.
Studies on the microbiology of root surface caries between 1970 and 1975 placed emphasis on Gram-positive pleomorphic filamentous rods, particularly Actinomyces viscosus and Actinomyces naeslundii. Both of these species had been shown to produce root surface caries in experimental animals. Since this time, studies have placed more emphasis on Streptococcus mutans, and S. mutans and Lactobacillus are significant in prediction of root surface caries risk in patients. Subsequent studies confirmed an association between S. mutans and 'soft' or 'initial' root lesions. Thus, it is important when determining the microflora of root surface lesions to make careful characterization of the state of the lesion. A second important aspect of the analysis of bacterial communities associated with root surface caries is better definition of the organisms. Most studies have concentrated on 'target organisms' S. mutans, S. sanguis, A. viscosus, A. naeslundii, Lactobacillus, and Veillonella. However, it has been known for 17 years that the Actinomyces associated with the lesions may be variants of A. viscosus and A. naeslundii. Such strains (intermediate strains) have been described in taxonomic studies of Actinomyces, yet little is known of the differences in physiology of these strains or their relationship to root surface caries. A similar situation exists with oral Streptococcus where new taxonomic divisions are being proposed. Recognition of the potential diversity within the 'target' genera of root surface caries could yield valuable data. Recent studies suggest that this is so, since samples from root surface lesions which contain S. mutans and Lactobacillus show a high isolation of S. mitis 1 and no isolations of A. naeslundii. Careful definition of the lesions of root surface caries and the flora will allow analysis to relate a specific bacterial community to the state fo the lesion and assist in monitoring the control of the lesion through fluoride and antibacterials.
1970年至1975年间对根面龋微生物学的研究重点是革兰氏阳性多形丝状杆菌，尤其是粘性放线菌和内氏放线菌。这两种菌都已证实在实验动物中可导致根面龋。自那时起，研究更多地侧重于变形链球菌，并且变形链球菌和乳酸杆菌在预测患者根面龋风险方面具有重要意义。随后的研究证实了变形链球菌与“软性”或“初期”根面损害之间的关联。因此，在确定根面损害的微生物群时，仔细描述损害状态非常重要。与根面龋相关的细菌群落分析的另一个重要方面是对微生物的更好定义。大多数研究集中在“目标微生物”变形链球菌、血链球菌、粘性放线菌、内氏放线菌、乳酸杆菌和韦荣氏菌。然而，17年来人们已经知道与损害相关的放线菌可能是粘性放线菌和内氏放线菌的变体。在放线菌的分类学研究中已经描述了这类菌株（中间菌株），但对这些菌株的生理学差异或它们与根面龋的关系了解甚少。口腔链球菌也存在类似情况，目前正在提出新的分类划分。认识到根面龋“目标”属内潜在的多样性可能会产生有价值的数据。最近的研究表明确实如此，因为含有变形链球菌和乳酸杆菌的根面损害样本显示出高分离率的缓症链球菌1，而未分离到内氏放线菌。仔细定义根面龋损害和菌群将有助于分析特定细菌群落与损害状态的关系，并有助于通过氟化物和抗菌剂监测损害的控制情况。
