Potter W Z
National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
J Occup Med. 1990 Apr;32(4):355-61. doi: 10.1097/00043764-199004000-00017.
The drug classes used to treat the major psychiatric disorders--antidepressants, antimanic agents, antipanic drugs, and neuroleptics--all produce side effects that may affect work performance. An understanding of the pharmacology of psychotropic drugs will enable the clinician to recognize the most common adverse effects of these drugs on performance. For example, tertiary amine tricyclic antidepressants and benzodiazepines may decrease alertness. The slowed visual accommodation produced by amine tricyclics or low-potency neuroleptics may adversely affect fine-motor control. Likewise, various psychotropic drugs, including neuroleptics and lithium (at toxic levels), may cause motor incoordination. However, the clinician should bear in mind that failure to provide treatment for psychiatric disorders is far more disruptive than are any side effects of such treatment.
用于治疗主要精神疾病的药物类别——抗抑郁药、抗躁狂药、抗惊恐药和抗精神病药——都会产生可能影响工作表现的副作用。了解精神药物的药理学将使临床医生能够识别这些药物对工作表现最常见的不良反应。例如，叔胺类三环抗抑郁药和苯二氮䓬类药物可能会降低警觉性。胺类三环抗抑郁药或低效抗精神病药引起的视觉调节减慢可能会对精细运动控制产生不利影响。同样，包括抗精神病药和锂盐（在中毒水平）在内的各种精神药物可能会导致运动不协调。然而，临床医生应该记住，不为精神疾病提供治疗所造成的破坏远比这种治疗的任何副作用大得多。
