Ahmanson/UCLA Adult Congenital Heart Disease Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Am J Cardiol. 2011 Nov 1;108(9):1352-61. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.06.055. Epub 2011 Aug 20.
Dextrocardia was known in the 17th century and was 1 of the first congenital malformations of the heart to be recognized. Fifty years elapsed before Matthew Baillie published his account of complete transposition in a human of the thoracic and abdominal viscera to the opposite side from what is natural. In 1858, Thomas Peacock stated that "the heart may be congenitally misplaced in various ways, occupying either an unusual position within the thorax, or being situated external to that cavity." In 1915, Maude Abbott described ectopia cordis, and Richard Paltauf's remarkable illustrations distinguished the various types of dextrocardia. In 1928, the first useful classification of the cardiac malpositions was proposed, and in 1966, Elliott et al's radiologic classification set the stage for clinical recognition. The first section of this review deals with the 3 basic cardiac malpositions in the presence of bilateral asymmetry. The second section deals with cardiac malpositions in the presence of bilateral left-sidedness or right-sidedness. Previous publications on cardiac malpositions are replete with an arcane vocabulary that confounds rather than clarifies. Even if the terms themselves are understood, inherent complexity weighs against clarity. This review was designed as a guided tour of an unfamiliar subject.
右旋心在 17 世纪就已为人所知，是最早被识别的先天性心脏畸形之一。在马修·贝利（Matthew Baillie）发表他关于人类胸腔和腹腔内脏完全错位的报告之前，又过去了 50 年，这种错位与自然情况相反。1858 年，托马斯·皮科克（Thomas Peacock）指出，“心脏可能会以各种方式先天错位，要么占据胸腔内的异常位置，要么位于胸腔外。”1915 年，莫德·阿博特（Maude Abbott）描述了心脏异位，理查德·帕尔陶夫（Richard Paltauf）的精彩插图区分了右旋心的各种类型。1928 年，首次提出了心脏位置异常的有用分类，1966 年，艾略特等人的放射学分类为临床识别奠定了基础。本综述的第一部分讨论了双侧不对称时的 3 种基本心脏位置异常。第二部分讨论了双侧左侧或右侧时的心脏位置异常。以前关于心脏位置异常的出版物充斥着晦涩难懂的词汇，这不仅没有澄清问题，反而使问题更加复杂。即使理解了这些术语本身，内在的复杂性也不利于清晰性。本综述旨在作为对一个不熟悉主题的导游。
