The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
J Phys Chem A. 2011 Sep 15;115(36):10166-73. doi: 10.1021/jp205989r. Epub 2011 Aug 24.
Dynamics of radical cations and electrons in an admixture of a linear saturated hydrocarbon (n-dodecane) and halocarbon (carbon tetrachloride, CCl(4)) were investigated by picosecond electron beam pulse radiolysis. The decay of thermalized electrons (e(th)(-)) observed in infrared transient photoabsorption were simply accelerated by the addition of CCl(4), giving a high rate constant of 2.3 × 10(11) mol(-1) dm(3) s(-1). The decrease of the initial yield of e(th)(-) was quantified by C(37) (50 mmol), which is linked to the reaction of epithermal electrons (e(-)) with CCl(4). In contrast, the n-dodecane radical cation (RH(2)(•+)) monitored in the near-infrared indicated a convex-type dependence of the decay rate on CCl(4) concentration, although the initial yield of RH(2)(•+) remained almost constant up to a much higher CCl(4) concentration. The decay of RH(2)(•+) was analyzed by Monte Carlo simulations of geminate ion recombination with e(th)(-), chlorine anion (Cl(-)) formed via dissociative electron attachment, and CCl(4) radical anion. The results showed a good agreement with the experiments by considering two assumptions: (1) CCl(4) radical anion formed via e(th)(-) attachment and (2) narrowing of the initial distribution of Cl(-). The decrease in the initial yield of RH(2)(•+) at high CCl(4) concentration was well explained by immediate decomposition of CCl(4)(•+) to CCl(3)(+) and hole transfer from CCl(4)(•+) to adjacent RH(2) without diffusive motion of the reactants. Time-dependent density functional theory supported the spectroscopic assignment of intermediate species in the n-dodecane/CCl(4) system. The present results would be of help in understanding the electron capture reaction in multicomponent systems such as a chemically amplified resist in lithography.
通过皮秒电子束脉冲辐射解法研究了线性饱和烃(正十二烷)和卤代烃(四氯化碳,CCl(4))混合物中自由基阳离子和电子的动力学。在红外瞬态光吸收中观察到热化电子(e(th)(-))的衰减,通过添加 CCl(4) 简单地加速,得到 2.3×10(11) mol(-1) dm(3) s(-1)的高速率常数。通过 C(37)(50mmol)定量了 e(th)(-)初始产率的降低,这与亚热电子(e(-))与 CCl(4)的反应有关。相比之下,在近红外中监测到的正十二烷自由基阳离子(RH(2)(•+))表明其衰减速率对 CCl(4)浓度呈凸型依赖性,尽管 RH(2)(•+)的初始产率在更高的 CCl(4)浓度下几乎保持不变。通过电子碰撞模拟对 RH(2)(•+)的衰减进行了分析,该模拟涉及热化电子(e(th)(-))、通过电子离解形成的氯离子(Cl(-))和 CCl(4)自由基阴离子的成对离子复合。考虑到两个假设,实验结果与模拟结果吻合较好:(1)通过 e(th)(-)加成形成 CCl(4)自由基阴离子,(2)Cl(-)的初始分布变窄。在高 CCl(4)浓度下 RH(2)(•+)初始产率的降低可以通过 CCl(4)(•+)的立即分解为 CCl(3)(+)和 CCl(4)(•+)向相邻 RH(2)的空穴转移来很好地解释,而反应物没有扩散运动。时变密度泛函理论支持了 n-十二烷/CCl(4)体系中中间物种的光谱学分配。本研究结果有助于理解光刻中化学放大抗蚀剂等多组分体系中的电子俘获反应。