Kisely Stephen, Kendall Elizabeth
Health LinQ, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Australas Psychiatry. 2011 Aug;19(4):364-7. doi: 10.3109/10398562.2011.562508. Epub 2011 Aug 24.
Papers using qualitative methods are increasingly common in psychiatric journals. This overview is an introduction to critically appraising a qualitative paper for clinicians who are more familiar with quantitative methods.
Qualitative research uses data from interviews (semi-structured or unstructured), focus groups, observations or written materials. Data analysis is inductive, allowing meaning to emerge from the data, rather than the more deductive, hypothesis centred approach of quantitative research. This overview compares and contrasts quantitative and qualitative research methods. Quantitative concepts such as reliability, validity, statistical power, bias and generalisability have qualitative equivalents. These include triangulation, trustworthiness, saturation, reflexivity and applicability. Reflexivity also shares features of transference. Qualitative approaches include: ethnography, action-assessment, grounded theory, case studies and mixed methods. Qualitative research can complement quantitative approaches. An understanding of both is useful in critically appraising the psychiatric literature.
运用定性方法的论文在精神科期刊中越来越常见。本综述旨在为更熟悉定量方法的临床医生介绍如何批判性地评估定性研究论文。
定性研究使用来自访谈（半结构化或非结构化）、焦点小组、观察或书面材料的数据。数据分析是归纳性的，让意义从数据中浮现，而非像定量研究那样采用更具演绎性、以假设为中心的方法。本综述对定量和定性研究方法进行了比较与对比。诸如可靠性、有效性、统计功效、偏差和可推广性等定量概念都有定性研究中的对应概念。这些对应概念包括三角互证法、可信度、饱和性、反思性和适用性。反思性也具有移情作用的一些特征。定性方法包括：人种志、行动评估、扎根理论、案例研究和混合方法。定性研究可以补充定量方法。对两者的理解有助于批判性地评估精神科文献。
