University Department of Pathology, University of Edinburgh, Wilkie Building, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK.
Expert Rev Neurother. 2011 Sep;11(9):1315-24. doi: 10.1586/ern.11.119.
White matter injury may be secondary to a range of neurodegenerative disorders, such as the common dementing disorders of the elderly, or may be a consequence of specific white matter disorders, such as multiple sclerosis and the rare leukodystrophies. This article will focus on two relatively common primary groups of disorders of the white matter, traumatic white matter injury and toxic leukoencephalopathies. Traumatic axonal injury may be focal or diffuse, and is associated with a clinical spectrum ranging from concussion through to coma and death. The molecular mechanisms underlying axonal degeneration secondary to traumatic axonal degeneration are being elucidated and may give an insight into potential therapeutic targets. Toxic leukoencephalopathy may be secondary to exposure to a wide range of compounds, including chemotherapeutic drugs. These toxins may produce white matter injury through a range of mechanisms, and the potential toxic effects of compounds need to be considered when assessing a patient with a nonspecific leukoencephalopathy.
脑白质损伤可能是一系列神经退行性疾病的继发症状，如老年人常见的痴呆症，也可能是某些特定脑白质疾病的后果，如多发性硬化症和罕见的脑白质营养不良症。本文将重点介绍两种相对常见的脑白质原发性疾病，外伤性脑白质损伤和中毒性脑白质病。外伤性轴索损伤可能是局灶性的或弥漫性的，与从脑震荡到昏迷和死亡的临床谱系相关。外伤性轴索损伤继发的轴索退行性变的分子机制正在被阐明，这可能为潜在的治疗靶点提供一些见解。中毒性脑白质病可能是由于接触了广泛的化合物，包括化疗药物。这些毒素可能通过多种机制导致脑白质损伤，在评估非特异性脑白质病患者时需要考虑化合物的潜在毒性作用。
