Department of Oncology, Transplantation and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Ospedale Cisanello, Via Paradisa, 2, Pisa, Italy.
Curr Pharm Des. 2011;17(29):3229-42. doi: 10.2174/138161211798157595.
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease, leading to pancreatic β-cell destruction and loss of glycaemic control. Administration of exogenous insulin to diabetic patients prevents life-threatening metabolic derangement, but may fail to prevent other longterm complications, such as kidney failure or diabetic retinopathy. Islet transplantation is a low-risk surgical procedure, affording improved glucose homeostasis provided sufficient islets engraft in the liver. Here we review work on the use of stem cells to generate β- cells for islet transplantation, indicating the need for improved protocols for their derivation and full maturation. We also consider recent evidence indicating that adult stem/progenitor cells may affect islet transplantation by improving the viability of engrafted islets and controlling immune reactions to islet allo- and auto-antigens, extending stem-cell use in T1D beyond the regenerative approach.
1 型糖尿病（T1D）是一种自身免疫性疾病，导致胰腺β细胞破坏和血糖控制丧失。给糖尿病患者施用外源性胰岛素可防止危及生命的代谢紊乱，但可能无法预防其他长期并发症，如肾衰竭或糖尿病性视网膜病变。胰岛移植是一种低风险的手术，可改善葡萄糖稳态，前提是足够的胰岛在肝脏中移植。在这里，我们回顾了使用干细胞生成胰岛用于胰岛移植的工作，表明需要改进其衍生和完全成熟的方案。我们还考虑了最近的证据，表明成年干细胞/祖细胞可能通过提高移植胰岛的活力和控制对胰岛同种异体和自身抗原的免疫反应来影响胰岛移植，从而将干细胞在 T1D 中的应用扩展到再生方法之外。
