Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
BMC Med. 2011 Aug 25;9:98. doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-9-98.
The molecular mechanisms of aging are the subject of much research and have facilitated potential interventions to delay aging and aging-related degenerative diseases in humans. The aging process is frequently affected by environmental factors, and caloric restriction is by far the most effective and established environmental manipulation for extending lifespan in various animal models. However, the precise mechanisms by which caloric restriction affects lifespan are still not clear. Epigenetic mechanisms have recently been recognized as major contributors to nutrition-related longevity and aging control. Two primary epigenetic codes, DNA methylation and histone modification, are believed to dynamically influence chromatin structure, resulting in expression changes of relevant genes. In this review, we assess the current advances in epigenetic regulation in response to caloric restriction and how this affects cellular senescence, aging and potential extension of a healthy lifespan in humans. Enhanced understanding of the important role of epigenetics in the control of the aging process through caloric restriction may lead to clinical advances in the prevention and therapy of human aging-associated diseases.
衰老的分子机制是许多研究的主题，这些研究促进了潜在的干预措施的发展，以延缓人类衰老和与衰老相关的退行性疾病。衰老过程经常受到环境因素的影响，到目前为止，热量限制是延长各种动物模型寿命最有效和最成熟的环境干预手段。然而，热量限制影响寿命的确切机制尚不清楚。最近，人们认识到表观遗传机制是与营养相关的长寿和衰老控制的主要贡献者。两种主要的表观遗传密码，即 DNA 甲基化和组蛋白修饰，被认为可以动态地影响染色质结构，从而导致相关基因的表达变化。在这篇综述中，我们评估了对热量限制的表观遗传调控的最新进展，以及这如何影响细胞衰老、衰老以及人类健康寿命的潜在延长。通过热量限制增强对表观遗传在衰老过程控制中的重要作用的理解，可能会促进人类衰老相关疾病的预防和治疗的临床进展。
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