Pharmacokinetics of sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBECD) in subjects on hemodialysis.

BACKGROUND

The disposition of sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBECD), the solubilizing excipient in intravenous (i.v.) voriconazole, was assessed in seven male subjects with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis and six subjects with normal renal function.

METHODS

All subjects received twice-daily i.v. voriconazole at the standard voriconazole dose [6 mg/kg (96 mg/kg SBECD) every 12 h (Q12h) on Day 1 followed by 3 mg/kg (48 mg/kg SBECD) Q12h on Days 2-4, with a single i.v. dose on the morning of Day 5]. Subjects were sampled at selected pre-dose trough times, at selected times after infusions and intensively on Day 3 (non-dialysis) and Day 4 (dialysis with high-flux membranes). Compartmental analyses were performed by NONMEM.

RESULTS

SBECD disposition was characterized by a two-compartment model. In renal failure, mean central (V(1)) and peripheral compartment volumes (V(2)) were 9.9 and 6.5 L, respectively. In normal subjects, V(1) and V(2) were 9.6 and 5.2 L, respectively; SBECD clearance (CL) was 130 mL/min. CL in renal failure off-dialysis was 2.6 and 48 mL/min during dialysis; mean half-life decreased from 79 to 5 h during dialysis (normal subjects: 2.1 h).

CONCLUSION

Hemodialysis can significantly reduce levels of SBECD in subjects with end-stage renal disease.