Hematopoietic stem cell- and marrow stromal cell-specific requirements for gamma irradiation leukemogenesis in vitro.

The hematopoietic and stromal cell-specific properties of the cells involved in gamma irradiation leukemogenesis in vitro were defined. Cocultivation of clonal factor-dependent (FD), interleukin 3 (IL-3)-dependent cell lines 32D cl 3 or B6SUtA, or dual IL-3-/granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-dependent cell lines FDC-P1 or bg/bg d64 was carried out with clonal stromal cell lines D2XRII, GB1/6, +/+ 2.4, or Sld3. FD cell lines were added to control or 5000-cGy-irradiated plateau phase monolayer cultures of each stromal cell line, and parameters of stem cell engraftment and malignant transformation in vitro were quantitated. Cobblestone island formation by FD cells, cumulative production of nonadherent hematopoietic cells, and evolution of tumorigenic factor-independent (FI) subclonal lines were quantitated over 5-8 weeks. There was no detectable evolution of FI sublines with 32D cl 3, B6SUtA, or bg/bg d64 cells cocultivated with control or irradiated Sld3 stromal cells. IL-3-dependent cell lines 32D cl 3 or B6SUtA formed small 10- to 49-cell cobblestone "clusters" at low frequency on control or irradiated D2XRII, showed limited proliferation for less than 1 week, and showed no detectable evolution of FI cell lines. Subclones of 32D cl 3 derived by transfection and expression of recombinant oncogenes v-sis, or c-myc, or the epidermal growth factor receptor remained factor dependent and did not transform to factor independence after cocultivation with irradiated stromal cell lines. In contrast, cell line bg/bg d64, and each of seven subclonal lines of FDC-P1, including subclones selected for growth in GM-CSF, formed abundant cobblestone island colonies of greater than or equal to 50 cells on irradiated D2XRII stromal cells, produced non-adherent cells over 5-8 weeks, and showed evolution of tumorigenic FI subclonal lines. The data provide evidence for stable biological differences in both the hematopoietic and stromal cell components of the in vitro model of gamma irradiation leukemogenesis.