Department of Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kida-gun, Kagawa-ken, 761-0793, Japan.
Anticancer Res. 2011 Jul;31(7):2431-6.
It is well known that intravenous administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces severe toxicity in mammals. The maximum tolerated dose of intravenous administration of LPS in humans is reported to be only 1 to 4 ng/kg body weight. However, oral administration of a high dose of LPS caused no toxicity or systemic inflammation in other mammals, birds, or fish. Two weeks of oral administration of a high dose of LPS (2 mg/kg) did not induce toxicity in a rat experiment. Moreover, several experiments have reported that oral administration of LPS had preventative and curative properties against various diseases, including allergic, and lifestyle-related diseases. These results demonstrate that mucosal administration of LPS acts via a different regulatory mechanism in biological responses from that of parenteral administration. Mucosal administration of LPS is thought to be quite promising for prevention of diseases, but LPS is rarely used. In order to expand the usage of oral administration of LPS for preventing lifestyle and allergic diseases, it will be necessary to clarify the mechanisms that arouse immune responses after oral administration of LPS. This short review presents a recent observation of the usefulness of orally administered LPS.
众所周知，静脉内给予脂多糖（LPS）会在哺乳动物中引起严重的毒性。据报道，人类静脉内给予 LPS 的最大耐受剂量仅为 1 至 4ng/kg 体重。然而，在其他哺乳动物、鸟类或鱼类中，口服给予高剂量 LPS 不会引起毒性或全身炎症。在一项大鼠实验中，口服给予高剂量 LPS（2mg/kg）两周不会引起毒性。此外，多项实验报告称，口服给予 LPS 对各种疾病具有预防和治疗作用，包括过敏性和生活方式相关疾病。这些结果表明，LPS 的黏膜给予在生物反应中的作用机制与肠外给予不同。人们认为 LPS 的黏膜给予在预防疾病方面很有前途，但 LPS 很少被使用。为了扩大 LPS 口服给药在预防生活方式和过敏性疾病中的应用，有必要阐明 LPS 口服给药后引起免疫反应的机制。这篇简短的综述介绍了口服给予 LPS 的最新有用观察结果。
