Vann Richard, Lang Michael
Divers Alert Network, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Undersea Hyperb Med. 2011 Jul-Aug;38(4):257-60.
The risks of dying during recreational diving are small. The Divers Alert Network (DAN) held a workshop to consider whether the risks could be reduced further. Topics included investigation, surveillance, operational safety and cardiovascular disease. Investigation is essential to determine causes and involves on-scene inquiry, forensic examination of the deceased, and testing of life support equipment, but thorough investigations are unusual. Independent annual fatality rates were presented and reviewed for diving, jogging, and motor vehicle accidents and for divers in training. Common factors associated with diving fatalities included running out of gas, entrapment or entanglement, buoyancy control, equipment misuse, rough waters and emergency ascent. Asphyxia by drowning, air embolism and cardiac events were the principal injuries or causes of death. About one-quarter of the deaths were associated with cardiac events, mostly in older divers. Revised procedures were recommended for identifying occult cardiovascular disease in candidate divers who warrant further investigation, but older, previously certified divers may be at greatest risk.
休闲潜水时死亡的风险很小。潜水员警报网络（DAN）举办了一次研讨会，以探讨是否可以进一步降低这些风险。主题包括调查、监测、操作安全和心血管疾病。调查对于确定原因至关重要，包括现场询问、对死者的法医检查以及生命支持设备的测试，但全面的调查并不常见。会上展示并审查了潜水、慢跑、机动车事故以及潜水训练人员的年度独立死亡率。与潜水死亡相关的常见因素包括气用尽、被困或缠住、浮力控制、设备使用不当、水域情况恶劣和紧急上升。溺水窒息、空气栓塞和心脏事件是主要的损伤或死亡原因。约四分之一的死亡与心脏事件有关，主要发生在年龄较大的潜水员身上。对于那些需要进一步调查的候选潜水员，建议采用修订后的程序来识别隐匿性心血管疾病，但年龄较大、先前已获认证的潜水员可能风险最大。
