Rodrigues L C, Araujo A C
Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Laborátorio de Ecologia, UFMS, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
Braz J Biol. 2011 Aug;71(3):611-22. doi: 10.1590/s1519-69842011000400005.
The temporal and spatial resource use among hummingbirds was studied over 13 months in an urban forest remnant (Prosa State Park: PSP) in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Hummingbird visitation was recorded at three ornithophilous and eleven non-ornithophilous species. Flower density was roughly constant during the study period, with the density of non-ornithophilous flowers being higher than that of ornithophilous ones. Mean values of nectar volume and concentration were similar between ornithophilous and non-ornithophilous species. Eight hummingbird species were observed at PSP: Amazilia fimbriata, Anthracothorax nigricollis, Chlorostilbon lucidus, Eupetomena macroura, Hylocharis chrysura, Florisuga fusca, Thalurania furcata and an unidentified species. Hummingbird visit frequencies to ornithophilous and non-ornithophilous flowers were similar. However, some non-ornithophilous species received a higher number of visits, which seems to be related to their large number of open flowers per plant per day. The number of feedings bouts of hummingbirds increased with the total number of flowers observed per focal plant. All recorded species of hummingbirds visited non-ornithophilous flowers, predominantly melittophilous and generalised entomophilous flowers. Hummingbird species recorded at PSP may be viewed as generalists, visiting a large number of non-ornithophilous species. Despite being an urban forest, PSP is relatively rich in hummingbird species, suggesting that it provides important shelter and foraging sites for hummingbirds in such an environment.
在巴西马托格罗索州大坎普市的一片城市森林遗迹（普罗萨州立公园：PSP）中，对蜂鸟的时空资源利用情况进行了为期13个月的研究。记录了蜂鸟对三种喜鸟植物和十一种非喜鸟植物的访花情况。在研究期间，花的密度大致保持恒定，非喜鸟植物的花密度高于喜鸟植物。喜鸟植物和非喜鸟植物花蜜体积和浓度的平均值相似。在PSP观察到了八种蜂鸟：缨冠蜂鸟、黑喉红顶蜂鸟、辉绿蜂鸟、大黑蜂鸟、金喉红顶蜂鸟、棕尾蜂鸟、叉尾翠蜂鸟和一个未鉴定的物种。蜂鸟对喜鸟植物和非喜鸟植物花朵的访花频率相似。然而，一些非喜鸟植物接受的访花次数较多，这似乎与它们每株植物每天开放的大量花朵有关。蜂鸟的取食次数随着每株焦点植物上观察到的花朵总数增加而增加。所有记录的蜂鸟物种都访问非喜鸟植物的花朵，主要是喜蜂植物和广义的虫媒植物花朵。在PSP记录的蜂鸟物种可被视为多面手，访问大量非喜鸟植物物种。尽管PSP是一片城市森林，但它相对富含蜂鸟物种，这表明它为这种环境中的蜂鸟提供了重要的庇护所和觅食地。
