Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Massachusetts, USA.
Am J Ind Med. 2011 Nov;54(11):811-8. doi: 10.1002/ajim.21007. Epub 2011 Aug 31.
Considerable controversy surrounds the carcinogenic potential of asphalt and tar. Since minority individuals may have had relatively high historical exposures, we investigated asphalt and tar exposure and lung cancer risk among African Americans and Latino Americans.
We conducted a case-control study of lung cancer among African Americans and Latino Americans in the San Francisco Bay area (422 cases, 894 controls). A questionnaire was used to obtain detailed work histories and exposure information. Self-reported exposure to asphalt and tar as well as other factors (e.g., smoking, automobile exhaust, and asbestos) were evaluated as predictors of lung cancer risk. Potential effect modification by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 was also explored.
Self-reported duration of exposure to asphalt and tar was associated with a statistically significant excess risk of lung cancer in the overall population (OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.01-1.22), evaluating risk per year of exposure. Years of exposure to automobile exhaust (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00-1.05) and asbestos (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.02-1.06) were also associated with statistically significant elevations in risk. In Latino Americans, the lung cancer risks associated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-related exposures were consistently higher in the CYP1A1 wild-type subjects as compared to the variant genotype subjects, and the interaction was statistically significant for smoking and the CYP1A1 M2 polymorphism (P-value(interaction) = 0.02).
These data are consistent with the literature suggesting that exposure to asphalt and tar may increase risk of lung cancer. However, it was not possible to separate the effects and asphalt and tar in this study.
沥青和焦油的致癌潜力存在相当大的争议。由于少数群体可能有相对较高的历史暴露，我们调查了沥青和焦油暴露与非裔美国人和拉丁裔美国人肺癌风险之间的关系。
我们在旧金山湾区进行了一项非裔美国人和拉丁裔美国人肺癌的病例对照研究（422 例病例，894 例对照）。使用问卷获取详细的职业史和暴露信息。自我报告的沥青和焦油暴露以及其他因素（例如，吸烟、汽车尾气和石棉）被评估为肺癌风险的预测因素。还探讨了细胞色素 P450（CYP）1A1 的潜在效应修饰作用。
自我报告的沥青和焦油暴露时间与总体人群肺癌风险呈统计学显著超额（OR：1.11，95%CI：1.01-1.22），评估每暴露一年的风险。汽车尾气（OR：1.02，95%CI：1.00-1.05）和石棉（OR：1.04，95%CI：1.02-1.06）的暴露年限也与风险的统计学显著升高相关。在拉丁裔美国人中，与多环芳烃相关的暴露与肺癌风险的相关性在 CYP1A1 野生型受试者中始终高于变异基因型受试者，并且吸烟和 CYP1A1 M2 多态性的交互作用具有统计学意义（P 值（交互）=0.02）。
这些数据与文献一致，表明暴露于沥青和焦油可能会增加肺癌风险。然而，在这项研究中无法将沥青和焦油的影响分开。
