Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, Briggs Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
J Econ Entomol. 2011 Aug;104(4):1294-300. doi: 10.1603/ec10213.
The bitter plant-derived compounds cucurbitacins are known to stimulate feeding of adult cucumber beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). A cucurbitacin-based gustatory stimulant applied as a flowable bait combined with either spinosad or carbaryl was compared with foliar sprays of spinosad and carbaryl for controlling two cucumber beetle species (Diabrotica undecimpunctata undecimpunctata Mannerheim and Acalymma trivittatum Mannerheim) in honeydew melons (Cucumis melo L.). Field studies were conducted on the University of California-Davis plant pathology farm in 2008 and 2009. Beetle densities after applications and fruit damage from beetle feeding were compared among treatments. In addition, beetle survival was compared within field cages placed over the treated foliage infested with beetles. Using all three measures of efficacy, we determined that the addition of cucurbitacin bait had no effect on the level of cucumber beetle control with carbaryl in either 2008 or 2009. In both years, spinosad did not significantly reduce cucumber beetle densities in either field cages or field plots and did not reduce fruit damage relative to the untreated control. The addition of the bait to spinosad did not improve its efficacy. A laboratory bioassay of the spinosad formulation used in the field showed it had significant lethal effects on adults of both cucumber beetle species. Results indicated that the bait formulation used did not improve cucumber beetle control but may benefit from the addition of floral attractants or using a different type of cucurbitacin.
苦瓜中提取的苦味化合物葫芦素被认为能刺激成年黄瓜甲虫（鞘翅目：叶甲科）取食。将一种基于葫芦素的味觉刺激剂作为可流动的诱饵应用，与多杀菌素或carbaryl 结合使用，与多杀菌素和 carbaryl 的叶面喷雾进行了比较，以控制两种黄瓜甲虫（Diabrotica undecimpunctata undecimpunctata Mannerheim 和 Acalymma trivittatum Mannerheim）在蜜露甜瓜（Cucumis melo L.）上。2008 年和 2009 年在加利福尼亚大学戴维斯分校植物病理学农场进行了田间研究。比较了施药后甲虫密度和甲虫取食造成的果实损伤。此外，还比较了在田间笼子内的甲虫在处理过的受感染叶子上的生存情况。使用这三种功效评估方法，我们确定在 2008 年或 2009 年，在 carbaryl 中添加葫芦素诱饵对防治黄瓜甲虫的效果没有影响。在这两年中，多杀菌素都没有显著降低田间笼子或田间试验田的黄瓜甲虫密度，与未处理的对照相比，也没有减少果实损伤。在多杀菌素中添加诱饵并没有提高其功效。对田间使用的多杀菌素制剂进行的实验室生物测定表明，它对两种黄瓜甲虫的成虫都有显著的致死作用。结果表明，所使用的诱饵配方并没有改善黄瓜甲虫的防治效果，但可能受益于添加花引诱剂或使用不同类型的葫芦素。
