Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
J Econ Entomol. 2011 Aug;104(4):1316-22. doi: 10.1603/ec11064.
Although potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), is highly polyphagous, classic host studies do not recognize grapevines (Vitis spp.), as suitable hosts. Recently, injury has been reported and reproduction documented within grape vineyards, suggesting a host expansion for the leafhopper. To document this apparent expansion in host use, we determined whether grape plants were suitable hosts for potato leafhopper reproduction, measured the consequence of feeding injury on gas exchange rates of grape leaves, and compared the susceptibility to feeding injury among cultivars. We found that potato leafhopper adults survived equally well on grape (Vitis vinifera L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and fava bean (Vicia faba L.). The total number of offspring was greater on fava bean but did not differ between alfalfa and grape. Injury to grapevines was assessed by measuring gas exchange responses of leaves in field cages and in greenhouse tests. We found marginally significant declines in photosynthesis and transpiration rates in the field (9.6 and 13.2%, respectively), and much stronger effects in greenhouse tests (ranging between 22 and 52%). Our results verify that Vitis is a suitable host, and that potato leafhopper is capable of injuring its gas exchange physiology. We discuss possible explanations for the host expansion, and its potential to damage commercial grapevines.
虽然马铃薯叶蝉（Empoasca fabae (Harris)）（半翅目：叶蝉科）是高度多食性的，但经典的宿主研究并不认为葡萄（Vitis spp.）是合适的宿主。最近，在葡萄园内已经报告了损伤和繁殖的情况，这表明该叶蝉的宿主范围有所扩大。为了记录这种明显的宿主利用扩张，我们确定了葡萄植物是否适合马铃薯叶蝉的繁殖，测量了取食损伤对葡萄叶片气体交换率的影响，并比较了不同品种对取食损伤的敏感性。我们发现，马铃薯叶蝉成虫在葡萄（Vitis vinifera L.）、紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）和蚕豆（Vicia faba L.）上的存活率相当。在蚕豆上的后代总数更多，但在紫花苜蓿和葡萄上没有差异。通过在田间笼和温室试验中测量叶片的气体交换反应来评估对葡萄的损伤。我们发现，光合作用和蒸腾速率在田间的边际显著下降（分别为 9.6%和 13.2%），而在温室试验中的影响更大（范围在 22%到 52%之间）。我们的结果证实了 Vitis 是一种合适的宿主，而且马铃薯叶蝉能够损伤其气体交换生理学。我们讨论了宿主扩张的可能解释及其对商业葡萄的潜在损害。
