Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of California-San Francisco, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States.
Exp Gerontol. 2011 Nov;46(11):847-52. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2011.08.007. Epub 2011 Aug 22.
As a major intracellular source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondria are involved in aging and lifespan regulation. Using the yeast chronological aging model, researchers have identified conserved signaling pathways that affect lifespan by modulating mitochondrial functions. Caloric restriction and a genetic mimetic with reduced target of rapamycin signaling globally upregulate the mitochondrial proteome and respiratory functions. Recent discoveries support the notion that an altered mitochondrial proteome induces mitohormesis. Mitohormesis involves a variety of ROS during several growth stages and extends lifespan in yeast and other organisms. Here we recap recent advances in understanding of ROS as signals that decelerate chronological aging in yeast. We also discuss parallels between yeast and worm hypoxic signaling. In sum, this mini-review covers mitochondrial regulation by nutrient-sensing pathways and the complex underlying interactions of ROS, metabolic pathways, and chronological aging.
线粒体作为活性氧 (ROS) 的主要细胞内来源，参与衰老和寿命调节。研究人员使用酵母的时序衰老模型，确定了通过调节线粒体功能影响寿命的保守信号通路。热量限制和雷帕霉素靶蛋白信号降低的遗传模拟物可以全面上调线粒体蛋白质组和呼吸功能。最近的发现支持这样一种观点，即改变线粒体蛋白质组会诱导线粒体激素反应。线粒体激素反应涉及多种 ROS，在酵母和其他生物体的几个生长阶段中，它可以延长寿命。在这里，我们总结了最近在理解 ROS 作为信号方面的进展，这些信号可以减缓酵母的时序衰老。我们还讨论了酵母和线虫缺氧信号之间的相似之处。总之，这篇小综述涵盖了营养感应途径对线粒体的调节，以及 ROS、代谢途径和时序衰老之间复杂的相互作用。
