The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK.
Proc Biol Sci. 2011 Nov 7;278(1722):3161-70. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2011.1376. Epub 2011 Sep 1.
Genomic technologies for livestock and companion animal species have revolutionized the study of animal domestication, allowing an increasingly detailed description of the genetic changes accompanying domestication and breed development. This review describes important recent results derived from the application of population and quantitative genetic approaches to the study of genetic changes in the major domesticated species. These include findings of regions of the genome that show between-breed differentiation, evidence of selective sweeps within individual genomes and signatures of demographic events. Particular attention is focused on the study of the genetics of behavioural traits and the implications for domestication. Despite the operation of severe bottlenecks, high levels of inbreeding and intensive selection during the history of domestication, most domestic animal species are genetically diverse. Possible explanations for this phenomenon are discussed. The major insights from the surveyed studies are highlighted and directions for future study are suggested.
家畜和伴侣动物物种的基因组技术彻底改变了动物驯化的研究，使得对伴随驯化和品种发展的遗传变化的描述越来越详细。本综述描述了应用群体和数量遗传学方法研究主要驯化物种遗传变化所得到的重要最新结果。这些结果包括发现了在不同品种之间存在分化的基因组区域、单个基因组内存在选择清除的证据以及人口动态事件的特征。特别关注的是行为特征的遗传学研究及其对驯化的影响。尽管在驯化过程中经历了严重的瓶颈、高度的近亲繁殖和密集的选择，但大多数家畜物种在遗传上仍然具有多样性。对这一现象的可能解释进行了讨论。综述了所调查研究的主要见解，并提出了未来研究的方向。
