School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, UK.
Pers Soc Psychol Rev. 2012 May;16(2):154-79. doi: 10.1177/1088868311419864. Epub 2011 Sep 1.
There is a general tendency for social psychologists to focus on processes of oppression rather than resistance. This is exemplified and entrenched by the Stanford Prison Experiment (SPE). Consequently, researchers and commentators have come to see domination, tyranny, and abuse as natural or inevitable in the world at large. Challenging this view, research suggests that where members of low-status groups are bound together by a sense of shared social identity, this can be the basis for effective leadership and organization that allows them to counteract stress, secure support, challenge authority, and promote social change in even the most extreme of situations. This view is supported by a review of experimental research--notably the SPE and the BBC Prison Study--and case studies of rebellion against carceral regimes in Northern Ireland, South Africa, and Nazi Germany. This evidence is used to develop a social identity model of resistance dynamics.
社会心理学家通常倾向于关注压迫过程而不是抵抗过程。斯坦福监狱实验（SPE）就是一个例证，并使其根深蒂固。因此，研究人员和评论员开始认为，在更广泛的世界中，统治、暴政和虐待是自然的或不可避免的。为了挑战这种观点，研究表明，在地位较低的群体成员通过共同的社会身份意识联系在一起的情况下，这可以成为有效的领导和组织的基础，使他们能够在即使是最极端的情况下应对压力、获得支持、挑战权威并促进社会变革。这一观点得到了实验研究的支持——特别是 SPE 和英国广播公司监狱研究——以及对北爱尔兰、南非和纳粹德国反对监禁制度的叛乱的案例研究。这些证据被用来开发一个关于抵抗动态的社会认同模型。
