School of Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012 Mar;44(3):534-41. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e318232cf77.
The aim of this study was to investigate whether it was possible to reduce the time taken to complete a 4000-m cycling time trial by misleading participants into believing they were racing against a previous trial, when, in fact, the power output was 2% greater.
Nine trained male cyclists each completed four 4000-m time trials. The first trial was a habituation and the data from the second trial was used to form a baseline (BL). During trials 3 and 4, participants raced against an avatar, which they were informed represented their BL performance. However, whereas one of these trials was an accurate (ACC) representation of BL, the power output in the other trial was set at 102% of BL and formed the deception condition (DEC). Oxygen uptake and RER were measured continuously and used to determine aerobic and anaerobic contributions to power output.
There was a significant difference between trials for time to completion (F = 15.3, P = 0.00). Participants completed DEC more quickly than BL (90% CI = 2.1-10.1 s) and ACC (90% CI = 1.5-5.4 s) and completed ACC more quickly than BL (90% CI = 0.5-4.8 s). The difference in performance between DEC and ACC was attributable to a greater anaerobic contribution to power output at 90% of the total distance (F = 5.3, P = 0.02, 90% CI = 4-37 W).
The provision of surreptitiously augmented feedback derived from a previous performance reduces time taken for cyclists to accomplish a time trial of known duration. This suggests that cyclists operate with a metabolic reserve even during maximal time trials and that this reserve can be accessed after deception.
本研究旨在探讨通过误导参与者相信他们正在与之前的试验比赛，而实际上功率输出增加了 2%，是否可以缩短完成 4000 米自行车计时赛的时间。
9 名训练有素的男性自行车手每人完成了 4 次 4000 米计时赛。第一次试验是适应阶段，第二次试验的数据被用来形成基线（BL）。在第 3 次和第 4 次试验中，参与者与一个代表他们 BL 表现的虚拟形象进行比赛。然而，其中一次试验是 BL 的准确（ACC）代表，而在另一次试验中，功率输出设定为 BL 的 102%，形成了欺骗条件（DEC）。连续测量氧摄取量和 RER，以确定有氧和无氧对功率输出的贡献。
完成时间在试验之间存在显著差异（F = 15.3，P = 0.00）。参与者在 DEC 中比 BL（90%CI = 2.1-10.1 s）和 ACC（90%CI = 1.5-5.4 s）更快地完成了任务，并且在 ACC 中比 BL 更快地完成了任务（90%CI = 0.5-4.8 s）。DEC 和 ACC 之间的性能差异归因于在总距离的 90%处，无氧对功率输出的贡献更大（F = 5.3，P = 0.02，90%CI = 4-37 W）。
提供源自先前表现的秘密增强反馈会缩短自行车手完成已知持续时间的计时赛所需的时间。这表明，即使在最大时间试验中，自行车手也会保持代谢储备，并且这种储备可以在欺骗后被利用。
