Role of prosthetic hemodialysis access following introduction of the dialysis outcome quality and Fistula First Breakthrough Initiatives.

The emphasis on increasing the use of autogenous hemodialysis access in the United States has clearly changed the practice pattern of vascular surgeons during the past decade. However, this change has also been associated with an increased use of cuffed dialysis catheter and a decrease in the autogenous access maturation rate. Future efforts to increase autogenous access use will be hampered, in part, by the characteristics and comorbidities of the aging hemodialysis population and system-wide health care delivery issues, such as late referral for vascular access. As a result, prosthetic access will continue to play an important role in providing vascular access for the US hemodialysis population. This article reviews contemporary trends and evidence-based literature related to autogenous and prosthetic access procedures, as well as factors that influence access choice.