Leibniz University of Hannover, Institute of Floriculture and Wood Science, Section of Molecular Developmental Physiology, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany.
Plant Sci. 2011 Nov;181(5):593-603. doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.04.002. Epub 2011 May 18.
Nitric oxide (NO), polyamines (PAs), diamine oxidases (DAO) and polyamine oxidases (PAO) play important roles in wide spectrum of physiological processes such as germination, root development, flowering and senescence and in defence responses against abiotic and biotic stress conditions. This functional overlapping suggests interaction of NO and PA in signalling cascades. Exogenous application of PAs putrescine, spermidine and spermine to Arabidopsis seedlings induced NO production as observed by fluorimetry and fluorescence microscopy using the NO-binding fluorophores DAF-2 and DAR-4M. The observed NO release induced by 1 mM spermine treatment in the Arabidopsis seedlings was very rapid without apparent lag phase. These observations pave a new insight into PA-mediated signalling and NO as a potential mediator of PA actions. When comparing the functions of NO and PA in plant development and abiotic and biotic stresses common to both signalling components it can be speculated that NO may be a link between PA-mediated stress responses filing a gap between many known physiological effects of PAs and amelioration of stresses. NO production indicated by PAs could be mediated either by H(2)O(2), one reaction product of oxidation of PAs by DAO and PAO, or by unknown mechanisms involving PAs, DAO and PAO.
一氧化氮（NO）、多胺（PAs）、二胺氧化酶（DAO）和多胺氧化酶（PAO）在广泛的生理过程中发挥重要作用，如发芽、根系发育、开花和衰老以及对非生物和生物胁迫条件的防御反应。这种功能上的重叠表明 NO 和 PA 在信号级联中相互作用。用 NO 结合荧光染料 DAF-2 和 DAR-4M 通过荧光法和荧光显微镜观察到，外源施加多胺腐胺、亚精胺和精胺到拟南芥幼苗中诱导了 NO 的产生。在拟南芥幼苗中，用 1mM 精胺处理诱导的观察到的 NO 释放非常迅速，没有明显的滞后阶段。这些观察结果为 PA 介导的信号转导和 NO 作为 PA 作用的潜在介导物提供了新的见解。当比较 NO 和 PA 在植物发育以及非生物和生物胁迫中的功能时，它们具有共同点，这两个信号成分可以推测，NO 可能是 PA 介导的应激反应之间的联系，填补了许多已知 PA 生理效应与应激缓解之间的空白。PA 诱导的 NO 产生可能通过 H2O2 介导，这是 DAO 和 PAO 氧化 PAs 的一种反应产物，也可能通过涉及 PA、DAO 和 PAO 的未知机制介导。
