School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Cogn Emot. 2011 Sep;25(6):1087-103. doi: 10.1080/02699931.2010.531007. Epub 2011 May 24.
The differential activation hypothesis (DAH; Teasdale, 1988) proposes that individuals who are vulnerable to depression can be distinguished from non-vulnerable individuals by the degree to which negative thoughts and maladaptive cognitive processes are activated during sad mood. While retrieval of negative autobiographical memories is noted as one such process, the model does not articulate a role for deficits in recalling positive memories. Two studies were conducted to compare the autobiographical memory characteristics of never-depressed and formerly depressed individuals following a sad mood induction. In Study 1, features of negative memories of never-depressed and formerly depressed individuals did not differ, either in neutral or sad mood. For positive memories, groups did not differ in neutral mood, but following a sad mood induction, formerly depressed individuals rated their positive memories as less vivid than their never-depressed counterparts. Study 2 examined positive autobiographical memory features more comprehensively and replicated the finding that in a sad mood formerly depressed individuals recalled less vivid positive memories than never-depressed controls. These findings suggest that the phenomenological features of positive memories could represent an important factor in depressive vulnerability, and, more broadly, that depression may be associated with a deficit in the processing of positive material.
差异激活假说（DAH；Teasdale，1988）提出，在悲伤情绪中，消极思维和适应不良的认知过程被激活的程度可以将易患抑郁症的个体与不易患抑郁症的个体区分开来。虽然检索消极的自传体记忆被认为是这样一个过程，但该模型并没有说明回忆积极记忆的缺陷的作用。进行了两项研究，以比较悲伤情绪诱发后从未患过抑郁症和曾患过抑郁症的个体的自传体记忆特征。在研究 1 中，无论是在中性还是悲伤情绪中，从未患过抑郁症和曾患过抑郁症的个体的消极记忆特征都没有差异。对于积极记忆，两组在中性情绪中没有差异，但在悲伤情绪诱发后，曾患过抑郁症的个体认为他们的积极记忆不如从未患过抑郁症的个体生动。研究 2 更全面地考察了积极自传体记忆特征，复制了这样一个发现，即在悲伤情绪中，曾患过抑郁症的个体比从未患过抑郁症的对照组回忆的积极记忆不那么生动。这些发现表明，积极记忆的现象学特征可能代表抑郁易感性的一个重要因素，更广泛地说，抑郁可能与积极材料处理的缺陷有关。
