Center on Autobiographical Memory Research, Department of Psychology, Aarhus University, Denmark.
Conscious Cogn. 2012 Sep;21(3):1382-92. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2012.06.016. Epub 2012 Jul 31.
This study compares involuntary and voluntary autobiographical memories in depressed and never depressed individuals. Twenty depressed and twenty never depressed individuals completed a memory diary; recording their reactions to 10 involuntary and 10 voluntary memories over 14-30 days. Psychiatric status (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, SCID-1), psychopathology, rumination and avoidance were assessed. For both groups, involuntary memories more frequently lead to strong reactions than voluntarily memories. For both modes of retrieval, depressed individuals reported more frequent negative reactions than never depressed individuals and rated memories as more central to identity with higher levels of rumination and avoidance. Depressed individuals retrieved both positive and negative memories during involuntary retrieval. These findings support the view that involuntary memory retrieval represents a basic mode of retrieval during healthy and disordered cognition, and that during depression, both involuntary and voluntary memories are central to identity and associated with rumination and avoidance.
本研究比较了抑郁和非抑郁个体的非自愿和自愿自传体记忆。二十名抑郁和二十名非抑郁个体完成了记忆日记；记录了他们对 10 个非自愿和 10 个自愿记忆的反应，时间跨度为 14-30 天。评估了精神病学状况（DSM-IV 结构临床访谈，SCID-1）、精神病理学、反刍和回避。对于两组个体，非自愿记忆比自愿记忆更频繁地引发强烈反应。对于两种检索模式，抑郁个体报告的负面反应比非抑郁个体更频繁，并且认为记忆与更高水平的反刍和回避更相关，更能体现身份认同。抑郁个体在非自愿检索过程中检索到了积极和消极的记忆。这些发现支持了这样一种观点，即非自愿记忆检索代表了健康和障碍认知过程中的一种基本检索模式，并且在抑郁期间，非自愿和自愿记忆都与身份认同相关，并与反刍和回避相关。
