Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2011 Oct;21(5):426-35. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.21.5.426. Epub 2011 Aug 29.
When weight loss (WL) is needed, it is recommended that athletes do it gradually by 0.5-1 kg/wk through moderate energy restriction. However, the effect of WL rate on long-term changes in body composition (BC) and performance has not been investigated in elite athletes.
To compare changes in body mass (BM), fat mass (FM), lean body mass (LBM), and performance 6 and 12 mo after 2 different WL interventions promoting loss of 0.7% vs. 1.4% of body weight per wk in elite athletes.
Twenty-three athletes completed 6- and 12-mo postintervention testing (slow rate [SR] n = 14, 23.5 ± 3.3 yr, 72.2 ± 12.2 kg; fast rate [FR] n = 9, 21.4 ± 4.0 yr, 71.6 ± 12.0 kg). The athletes had individualized diet plans promoting the predetermined weekly WL during intervention, and 4 strength-training sessions per wk were included. BM, BC, and strength (1-repetition maximum) were tested at baseline, postintervention, and 6 and 12 mo after the intervention.
BM decreased by ~6% in both groups during the intervention but was not different from baseline values after 12 mo. FM decreased in SR and FR during the intervention by 31% ± 3% vs. 23% ± 4%, respectively, but was not different from baseline after 12 mo. LBM and upper body strength increased more in SR than in FR (2.0% ± 1.3% vs. 0.8% ± 1.1% and 12% ± 2% vs. 6% ± 2%) during the intervention, but after 12 mo there were no significant differences between groups in BC or performance.
There were no significant differences between groups after 12 mo, suggesting that WL rate is not the most important factor in maintaining BC and performance after WL in elite athletes.
当需要减肥（WL）时，建议运动员通过适度的能量限制，每周逐渐减少 0.5-1 公斤体重。然而，在精英运动员中，减肥速度对长期身体成分（BC）和表现的变化的影响尚未得到研究。
比较两种不同 WL 干预措施后 6 个月和 12 个月时身体质量（BM）、脂肪质量（FM）、瘦体重（LBM）和表现的变化，这两种干预措施分别使每周体重下降 0.7%和 1.4%。
23 名运动员完成了 6 个月和 12 个月的干预后测试（慢减肥速度组 [SR]，n = 14，23.5 ± 3.3 岁，72.2 ± 12.2 公斤；快减肥速度组 [FR]，n = 9，21.4 ± 4.0 岁，71.6 ± 12.0 公斤）。运动员有个性化的饮食计划，在干预期间促进预定的每周 WL，每周包括 4 次力量训练课程。在基线、干预后和干预后 6 个月和 12 个月时测试 BM、BC 和力量（1 次重复最大）。
在干预期间，两组的 BM 均下降约 6%，但 12 个月后与基线值无差异。在 SR 和 FR 中，FM 在干预期间分别下降 31%±3%和 23%±4%，但 12 个月后与基线值无差异。在干预期间，SR 组的 LBM 和上半身力量比 FR 组增加更多（2.0%±1.3%比 0.8%±1.1%和 12%±2%比 6%±2%），但 12 个月后两组之间在 BC 或表现方面没有显著差异。
12 个月后两组之间没有显著差异，这表明减肥速度并不是 WL 后维持精英运动员 BC 和表现的最重要因素。
