State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2011 Nov;30(11):2586-93. doi: 10.1002/etc.657. Epub 2011 Sep 8.
Bioavailability and toxicity of metals to soil organisms varies among different soils, and knowledge of this variance is useful for the development of soil environmental quality guidelines. In the present study, laboratory experiments were performed to investigate the effects of variations in nickel (Ni) uptake and toxicity on growth, cocoon output, and juvenile production in the earthworm Eisenia fetida in 13 Chinese soils spiked with nickel chloride. Body weight development of E. fetida was rather insensitive to Ni, and significant inhibition of growth was observed only at high Ni concentrations, such as 560 and 1000 mg/kg. The 50% inhibition effect concentrations (EC50s) for cocoon and juvenile production, based on measured Ni concentrations in soils, varied from 169 to 684 mg/kg and from 159 to 350 mg/kg, respectively. The EC50s represented approximately fourfold variation for cocoon output and twofold variation for juvenile production among 13 Chinese soils. Juvenile production, compared to cocoon output, was a more sensitive endpoint parameter to Ni. Nickel uptake in E. fetida increased as simple linear functions of increasing soil Ni concentrations. Tissue Ni-based EC50s (based on Ni concentrations in earthworm tissues) for cocoon production varied from 37 to 121 mg/kg (threefold variation) in 12 of 13 soils, suggesting a similar variation to that of soil Ni-based EC50s. Relationship analysis between soil properties and Ni toxicity showed that neither the EC50s for cocoon output nor those for juvenile production presented significant correlation with soil properties (pH, organic matter content, cation exchange capacity, clay content, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺). This may be ascribed to the narrow range of properties of selected soils. The soil factors that determined Ni toxicity to earthworm reproduction remain undetermined in the present study, and these data should be used cautiously when developing toxicity prediction models because of the narrow selection of soil properties.
金属在土壤生物体内的生物有效性和毒性因土壤而异，了解这种差异对于制定土壤环境质量标准很有帮助。本研究通过在 13 种添加氯化镍的中国土壤中进行实验室实验，研究了镍（Ni）吸收和毒性变化对赤子爱胜蚓（Eisenia fetida）生长、茧产量和幼体产量的影响。赤子爱胜蚓的体重发育对 Ni 相当不敏感，只有在高 Ni 浓度（如 560 和 1000 mg/kg）下才观察到明显的生长抑制。基于土壤中测量的 Ni 浓度，茧和幼体产量的 50%抑制效应浓度（EC50）分别为 169 至 684 mg/kg 和 159 至 350 mg/kg。在 13 种中国土壤中，EC50 对茧产量的变化约为 4 倍，对幼体产量的变化约为 2 倍。与茧产量相比，幼体产量是对 Ni 更敏感的终点参数。赤子爱胜蚓对 Ni 的吸收随土壤 Ni 浓度的增加呈简单线性函数增加。在 13 种土壤中的 12 种土壤中，茧产量的基于 Ni 的组织 EC50（基于蚯蚓组织中的 Ni 浓度）从 37 至 121 mg/kg（三倍变化）不等，表明与土壤基于 Ni 的 EC50 相似。土壤性质与 Ni 毒性的关系分析表明，茧产量的 EC50 与土壤性质（pH 值、有机质含量、阳离子交换能力、粘粒含量、Ca²⁺和 Mg²⁺）均无显著相关性。这可能是由于所选土壤性质的范围较窄。在本研究中，确定 Ni 对蚯蚓繁殖毒性的土壤因素仍不确定，由于土壤性质选择范围较窄，在开发毒性预测模型时应谨慎使用这些数据。
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