Crit Asian Stud. 2011;43(1):69-92. doi: 10.1080/14672715.2011.537852.
All is not well with agriculture in Southeast Asia. The productivity gains of the Green Revolution have slowed and even reversed and environmental problems and shortages of water and land are evident. At the same time changing world markets are shifting the dynamics of national agricultural economies. But from the point of view of farmers themselves, it is their season-to-season economic survival that is at stake. Bali is in some ways typical of other agricultural areas in the region, but it is also a special case because of its distinctive economic and cultural environment dominated by tourism. In this environment, farmers are doubly marginalized. At the same time the island offers them unique market opportunities for premium and organic produce. This article examines the ways in which these opportunities have been approached and describes their varying degrees of success. It focuses especially on one project that has been successful in reducing production costs by conversion to organic production, but less so in marketing its produce. It argues finally for the need for integrated studies of the entire rice production/marketing complex, especially from the bottom-up point of view of farmers.
东南亚的农业并非一切顺利。绿色革命的生产力提高已经放缓，甚至出现了逆转，环境问题以及水资源和土地短缺也日益明显。与此同时，不断变化的世界市场正在改变各国农业经济的动态。但从农民自身的角度来看，他们的当季经济生存才是关键。巴厘岛在某些方面是该地区其他农业地区的典型代表，但由于其以旅游业为主导的独特经济和文化环境，它也是一个特殊案例。在这种环境下，农民处于双重边缘化的境地。与此同时，该岛为他们提供了优质和有机农产品的独特市场机会。本文探讨了农民利用这些机会的方式，并描述了它们不同程度的成功。它特别关注了一个成功通过转换为有机生产降低生产成本，但在销售其产品方面效果较差的项目。最后，它主张有必要对整个稻米生产/营销体系进行综合研究，尤其是从农民的自下而上的角度。
