University College Dublin.
Dev Change. 2011;42(1):49-69. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7660.2010.01677.x.
Famine, like poverty, has always been with us. No region and no century has been immune. Its scars — economic, psychological and political — can long outlast its immediate impact on mortality and health. Famines are a hallmark of economic backwardness, and were thus more likely to occur in the pre-industrialized past. Yet the twentieth century suffered some of the most devastating ever recorded. That century also saw shifts in both the causes and symptoms of famine. This new century's famines have been "small" by historical standards, and the threat of major ones seemingly confined to ever-smaller pockets of the globe. Are these shifts a sign of hope for the future?
饥荒一直伴随着我们,就像贫困一样。没有任何地区和世纪能够幸免。它的影响——经济的、心理的和政治的——在其对死亡率和健康的直接影响消失很久后仍会长期存在。饥荒是经济落后的标志,因此更有可能发生在工业化之前的过去。然而,二十世纪却遭受了一些有记录以来最严重的饥荒。那个世纪,饥荒的原因和症状也发生了变化。按照历史标准,本世纪的饥荒是“小”的,而主要饥荒的威胁似乎仅限于全球越来越小的地区。这些变化是否预示着未来的希望?