Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Humanities, Charles University, Husnikova 2075, 158 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
Arch Sex Behav. 2011 Dec;40(6):1137-43. doi: 10.1007/s10508-011-9821-6.
Individuals tend to judge personality traits on the basis of physical characteristics, particularly facial traits, although this phenomenon has been mostly studied in relation to the halo effect of attractiveness. However, there are other facial traits which may also have an impact on personality attributions; here, we focused on masculinity. We carried out principal component analysis (PCA) of 15 anthropometric measurements from 71 male faces, resulting in three components: Face Height (C1), Inner Face Breadth (C2), and Cheekbones-Jaw Prominence (C3). The targets' photographs were rated by 210 women and 177 men on scales for masculinity, attractiveness, and nine psychological characteristics (selected Cattell's factors): Warmth, Reasoning, Emotional Stability, Dominance, Liveliness, Rule-Consciousness, Social Boldness, Abstractedness, and Privateness. We found that masculinity correlated positively with ratings of Dominance and Social Boldness and that masculinity rated by men correlated positively with ratings of Emotional Stability and Privateness. We found no relationship between masculinity rated by women and the PCA components, while masculinity rated by men correlated negatively with C2 (possibly related to babyface features) and positively with C3 (which included features developed under the control of testosterone, such as jaw prominence). Our results imply sex differences in masculinity ratings. In particular, men used Cheekbones-Jaw Prominence and Inner Face Breadth as cues for masculinity judgments; on the other hand, women apparently perceive masculinity in a more holistic way.
个体倾向于根据身体特征，特别是面部特征来判断人格特质，尽管这种现象主要是在吸引力的晕轮效应方面进行研究。然而，还有其他面部特征可能也会对人格归因产生影响；在这里，我们关注的是男性特征。我们对 71 张男性面孔的 15 个人体测量指标进行了主成分分析（PCA），得到了三个成分：面高（C1）、内面宽（C2）和颧骨-下颌突出度（C3）。研究对象的照片由 210 名女性和 177 名男性对男性特征、吸引力以及九个心理特征（选自 Cattell 因素）进行评分：温暖、推理、情绪稳定、支配、活力、规则意识、社交大胆、抽象和隐私。我们发现男性特征与支配和社交大胆的评分呈正相关，而男性对男性特征的评分与情绪稳定和隐私的评分呈正相关。我们没有发现女性对男性特征的评分与 PCA 成分之间存在关系，而男性对男性特征的评分与 C2 呈负相关（可能与娃娃脸特征有关），与 C3 呈正相关（C3 包括受睾酮控制的特征，如下颌突出度）。我们的研究结果表明，男性特征的评分存在性别差异。具体来说，男性使用颧骨-下颌突出度和内面宽作为男性特征判断的线索；另一方面，女性显然以更全面的方式感知男性特征。
