State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
Environ Sci Technol. 2011 Oct 15;45(20):8819-25. doi: 10.1021/es202284p. Epub 2011 Sep 20.
The recycling of electrical and electronic waste(e-waste) in developing countries has attracted much attention as a significant source of brominated flame retardants (BFRs).Gaseous and particle-bound BFRs were measured in the atmosphere at e-waste and rural sites in southern China during 2007-2008. The annual average concentrations in the air were 3260 ± 3370 and 219 ± 192 pg/m³ for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and were 546 ± 547 and 165 ± 144 pg/m³ for non-PBDE BFRs at the e-waste and rural sites,respectively. PBDEs had unusually high relative concentrations of di- and tribrominated congeners at the e-waste site. The Clausius-Clapeyron (CC) plots showed that the gaseous concentrations of less brominated BFRs (di- through hexa-BFRs) were strongly controlled by temperature-driven evaporation from contaminated surfaces (e.g., e-waste, soils, and recycled e-waste remains) except for winter. However, weak temperature dependence at the rural site suggests that regional or long-range atmospheric transport was largely responsible for the air concentrations. Gas-particle partitioning (KP) of PBDEs correlated well with the subcooled liquid vapor pressure (PL(o)) for most sampling events. The varied slopes of log KP versus log PL(o) plots for the e-waste site (-0.59 to -1.29) indicated an influence of ambient temperature and atmospheric particle properties on the partitioning behavior of BFRs. The flat slopes (-0.23 to -0.80) for the rural site implied an absorption-dominant partitioning. This paper suggests that e-waste recycling in Asian low-latitude regions is a significant source of less brominated BFRs and has important implications for their global transport from warm to colder climate
在中国南方的电子废物和农村地区，于 2007-2008 年期间测量了大气中气态和颗粒态的溴化阻燃剂（BFRs）。空气中多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）的年平均浓度分别为 3260±3370pg/m³和 546±547pg/m³，而非 PBDE BFRs 的浓度分别为 219±192pg/m³和 165±144pg/m³。在电子废物处理场，BDE-209 等 PBDEs 具有不寻常的高二溴和三溴同系物相对浓度。克劳修斯-克拉佩龙（CC）图表明，除冬季外，温度驱动污染表面（例如电子废物、土壤和回收电子废物残留物）蒸发对较低溴化 BFRs（二溴至六溴 BFRs）的气态浓度具有强烈的控制作用。然而，在农村地区，温度依赖性较弱表明，区域或长程大气传输在很大程度上决定了空气浓度。多溴二苯醚的气粒分配（KP）与过冷液体蒸气压（PL(o)）在大多数采样事件中很好地相关。电子废物处理场的 log KP 与 log PL(o)图的斜率变化（-0.59 至-1.29）表明环境温度和大气颗粒性质对 BFRs 分配行为的影响。农村地区平坦的斜率（-0.23 至-0.80）暗示了吸收主导的分配。本文表明，亚洲低纬度地区的电子废物回收是低溴化 BFRs 的重要来源，对它们从温暖气候向较冷气候的全球传输具有重要意义。
