Varrela J
Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, University of Turku, Finland.
Scand J Dent Res. 1990 Jun;98(3):242-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.1990.tb00968.x.
Occlusal variation and occurrence of malocclusion were examined in a Finnish skull sample derived from the 15th and 16th centuries. The material consisted of 207 adult individuals; 141 maxillas and 159 mandibles, including 93 pairs, were in observable condition. In the skull sample, only dental anomalies were observed; no skeletal malocclusions were found. The frequency of an Angle Class I lateral relationship was 97.7%. The mean values for overjet and overbite were 1.6 and 1.4 mm, respectively. A comparison with present-day Finns revealed that the skull sample showed less variation in all occlusal variables studied. An Angle Class II type occlusion, deep bite, crowding, spacing, and lateral crossbite occurred with significantly lower frequencies in the skull sample than in the present-day Finns. Advanced dental wear in the skull sample shows that a hard and attritive diet was eaten at that time. It is suggested that a dietary transition from hard to soft food is the most probable cause of the increased occlusal variation and high frequency of malocclusion in present-day Finns.
对来自15和16世纪的芬兰颅骨样本进行了咬合变化和错牙合发生率的研究。该材料包括207名成年人；141块上颌骨和159块下颌骨，其中93对处于可观察状态。在颅骨样本中，仅观察到牙齿异常；未发现骨骼性错牙合。安氏I类侧方关系的发生率为97.7%。覆盖和覆牙合的平均值分别为1.6毫米和1.4毫米。与现代芬兰人的比较表明，颅骨样本在所研究的所有咬合变量中显示出较小的变异性。安氏II类咬合、深覆牙合、牙列拥挤、牙列间隙和侧方反牙合在颅骨样本中的发生率明显低于现代芬兰人。颅骨样本中的严重牙齿磨损表明当时人们食用的是坚硬且有磨耗性的食物。有人认为，从硬质食物到软质食物的饮食转变是现代芬兰人咬合变化增加和错牙合高发的最可能原因。
