Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
Blood. 2011 Nov 17;118(20):5383-93. doi: 10.1182/blood-2011-07-358432. Epub 2011 Sep 8.
Mast cells (MCs) promote a wide range of localized and systemic inflammatory responses. Their involvement in immediate as well as chronic inflammatory reactions at both local and distal sites points to an extraordinarily powerful immunoregulatory capacity with spatial and temporal versatility. MCs are preferentially found in close proximity to both vascular and lymphatic vessels. On activation, they undergo a biphasic secretory response involving the rapid release of prestored vasoactive mediators followed by de novo synthesized products. Many actions of MCs are related to their capacity to regulate vascular flow and permeability and to the recruitment of various inflammatory cells from the vasculature into inflammatory sites. These mediators often work in an additive fashion and achieve their inflammatory effects locally by directly acting on the vascular and lymphatic endothelia, but they also can affect distal sites. Along these lines, the lymphatic and endothelial vasculatures of the host act as a conduit for the dissemination of MC signals during inflammation. The central role of the MC-endothelial cell axis to immune homeostasis is emphasized by the fact that some of the most effective current treatments for inflammatory disorders are directed at interfering with this interaction.
肥大细胞（MCs）促进广泛的局部和全身炎症反应。它们在局部和远处部位的即刻和慢性炎症反应中的参与表明了其具有极其强大的免疫调节能力，具有空间和时间的多功能性。MCs 优先存在于靠近血管和淋巴管的地方。在激活后，它们经历一个双相分泌反应，涉及快速释放预先储存的血管活性介质，然后是新合成的产物。MCs 的许多作用与其调节血管流量和通透性的能力以及从血管招募各种炎症细胞到炎症部位有关。这些介质通常以累加的方式发挥作用，并通过直接作用于血管和淋巴管内皮细胞在局部发挥其炎症作用，但它们也可以影响远处部位。沿着这些思路，宿主的淋巴和内皮血管系统在炎症期间充当 MC 信号传播的渠道。MC-内皮细胞轴对免疫稳态的核心作用，体现在一些最有效的当前炎症性疾病治疗方法是针对干扰这种相互作用的。
