Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDÆA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18-26 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2012 Mar;19(3):677-88. doi: 10.1007/s11356-011-0610-5. Epub 2011 Sep 11.
The content of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was determined in 60 samples from three environmental matrices (soils, sediments, and pine needles) in an effort to assess their distribution on a river basin scale.
A sampling campaign was carried out in 2006, selecting urban, industrial, and agricultural sampling sites along the northeast of Spain. Techniques used included pressurized liquid extraction and solid-liquid ultrasonic extraction followed by gas chromatography-electron impact ionization mass spectrometry.
The mean total PAHs concentrations were 290 < 613 < 1,628 ng/g (dry weight) in pine needles, soil, and sediments, respectively. There is a good correspondence between the total concentration of soils and pine needles, as opposed to the levels between sediments and pine needles. The high concentrations found in some Pinus halepensis samples may reflect a superior uptake potential of this species in comparison to the others studied. The three matrices present a very different PAH distribution pattern, with pine needles showing a predominance of the lighter (2-, 3-, and 4-ring) PAHs, whereas 5- and 6-ring PAHs are the most abundant in soils. Sediments display a more heterogeneous pattern, with contributions of all the PAHs but different distribution depending on the site, suggesting a wider range of input sources. Established PAH molecular ratios and principal component analysis were used to identify the origins and profiles of PAHs. While sediments showed a wide range attributed to historical inputs, soils and pine needles confirmed the compartmentalization of the PAHs, with lighter airborne PAHs accumulated in pine needles and heavier ones in soils.
It can be suggested that the monitoring of several matrices is a strong tool to elucidate the contamination sources and accumulation patterns of PAHs. However, given the influence of the matrix type on this assessment, the information should be considered complementary, yet allowing a more comprehensive depiction of the area in question.
本研究旨在评估河流盆地范围内多环芳烃（PAHs）的分布情况，为此对来自三个环境基质（土壤、沉积物和松针）的 60 个样本中的 16 种多环芳烃含量进行了测定。
2006 年进行了一次采样活动，在西班牙东北部选择了城市、工业和农业采样点。使用的技术包括加压液体萃取和固液超声萃取，随后采用气相色谱-电子碰撞电离质谱法进行分析。
松针、土壤和沉积物中总多环芳烃浓度的平均值分别为 290 < 613 < 1628 ng/g（干重）。土壤和松针的总浓度之间存在良好的对应关系，而沉积物和松针之间的浓度则不然。在一些油松样本中发现的高浓度可能反映出与所研究的其他物种相比，该物种具有更高的吸收潜力。这三种基质呈现出非常不同的多环芳烃分布模式，松针中较轻的（2-、3-和 4-环）多环芳烃占主导地位，而土壤中 5-和 6-环多环芳烃含量最丰富。沉积物显示出更为混杂的模式，所有多环芳烃都有贡献，但由于采样点的不同，分布也不同，表明有更广泛的输入源。已建立的多环芳烃分子比值和主成分分析用于识别多环芳烃的来源和分布。虽然沉积物显示出广泛归因于历史输入的范围，但土壤和松针证实了多环芳烃的分区化，较轻的空气传播多环芳烃积累在松针中，而较重的则在土壤中积累。
可以认为，监测多种基质是阐明多环芳烃污染来源和积累模式的有力工具。然而，鉴于基质类型对这种评估的影响，应将这些信息视为补充信息，但允许更全面地描述所涉及的区域。
