LEPAE, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
Chemosphere. 2010 Dec;81(11):1517-25. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.08.031. Epub 2010 Sep 15.
The importance of the annual and seasonal trends associated to the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) biomonitoring by pine needles are studied with a comprehensive use of univariate and multivariate analysis tools. For this purpose, four pine needle sampling campaigns (winter, spring, summer and autumn 2007) were carried out in 29 sites from Portugal. Needles from Pinus pinaster Ait. and Pinus pinea L. trees were collected from all year-classes available in each tree, corresponding to the different shoots of needles coming out every spring and the results of both species were treated separately. Annual trends of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contamination indicate a general increase from the least to the most exposed year-classes, for all seasons. The mean values for the sum of 16PAHs ranged from 71 ± 33 ngg(-1) (dry weight - dw) for new year (2007) needles in the summer to 514 ± 317 ngg(-1) (dw) for 2-year needles (2005) in the spring for P. pinea, and between 90 ± 50 ngg(-1) (dw) for new year (2007) needles in the summer and 1212 ± 436 ngg(-1) (dw) for 3-year needles (2004) in summer for P. pinaster. The seasonal evolution shows the highest concentrations in the winter, then declining to the lowest levels in the summer and rising again from summer to autumn. Principal component analysis confirmed differences between seasons and needle year-classes, more visible for P. pinea samples. The cooler seasons have more affinity towards the lighter more abundant PAHs, as do the older needles. Differences between both pine species are also evident.
本研究综合运用单变量和多变量分析工具，探讨了与松柏科针叶植物中多环芳烃（PAHs）生物监测相关的年际和季节性趋势的重要性。为此，在葡萄牙的 29 个地点进行了四次松柏科针叶植物采样活动（2007 年冬季、春季、夏季和秋季）。采集了来自 Pinus pinaster Ait. 和 Pinus pinea L. 的针叶植物，每棵树都采集了所有可用的一年生针叶植物，对应于每年春天长出的不同针叶，两种树种的结果分别进行了处理。多环芳烃（PAHs）污染的年际趋势表明，所有季节的所有最暴露的一年生针叶植物的污染程度都呈普遍上升趋势。16 种 PAHs 总和的平均值范围为：2007 年新针夏季的 71±33ngg(-1)（干重-dw）至 2005 年 2 年针春季的 514±317ngg(-1)（dw），对于 P. pinea，2007 年新针夏季的 90±50ngg(-1)（dw）至 2004 年 3 年针夏季的 1212±436ngg(-1)（dw），而 2007 年新针夏季的 1212±436ngg(-1)（dw）至 2004 年 3 年针夏季的 1212±436ngg(-1)（dw）。季节变化显示冬季浓度最高，然后下降至夏季最低水平，再从夏季上升至秋季。主成分分析证实了季节和针叶植物年际之间的差异，P. pinea 样本的差异更为明显。较冷的季节与较轻、更丰富的 PAHs 更亲和，而较老的针叶植物也是如此。两种松树物种之间的差异也很明显。
