Department of Ophthalmology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki Tokorozawa Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
Immunotherapy. 2011 Sep;3(9):1103-11. doi: 10.2217/imt.11.101.
Two major self-antigens, S-antigen and interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein, which can induce uveoretinitis, exist in the eye. However, immunologic tolerance to these self-antigens is generated and maintained. Two major mechanisms have been demonstrated by which tolerance to tissue-specific self-antigens is maintained. One is central tolerance in the thymus where autoreactive T cells are deleted by medullary thymic epithelial cells expressing the autoimmune regulator gene (Aire) and the other is peripheral tolerance mediated by regulatory T cells such as Foxp3(+)CD25(+)CD4(+) T cells. In addition, the eye is an immune privileged site where indigenous immunomodulatory mechanisms allow immune protection of the eye in a manner that is largely devoid of immunogenic inflammation.
眼内存在两种主要的自身抗原，即 S 抗原和光感受器间维生素 A 结合蛋白，它们可诱导葡萄膜炎。然而，机体对这些自身抗原仍保持免疫耐受。目前已证实两种主要机制可维持对组织特异性自身抗原的耐受，一种是在表达自身免疫调节基因（Aire）的髓质胸腺上皮细胞中通过中枢耐受机制使自身反应性 T 细胞发生凋亡，另一种是通过 Foxp3(+)CD25(+)CD4(+)T 细胞等调节性 T 细胞介导的外周耐受。此外，眼睛是免疫特惠部位，固有免疫调节机制可使眼在很大程度上免受免疫原性炎症的侵害而得到免疫保护。
