Brix Kelley, O'Donnell Francis L
Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs, Force Health Protection and Readiness Programs, 5113 Leesburg Pike, Suite 901, Falls Church, VA 22041, USA.
Mil Med. 2011 Jul;176(7 Suppl):91-6.
This review assesses the Department of Defense approach to medical surveillance of environmental exposures during deployments. Seven steps in the process are reviewed: (1) exposure assessment, (2) identification of the target population, (3) surveillance for current exposures, (4) surveillance for long-term effects, (5) record keeping for environmental data, (6) analysis of surveillance data, and (7) communication of results. Exposures need to be evaluated as soon as they are recognized, and potentially exposed individuals should be identified at the time of the exposure. Long-term health surveillance relies primarily on electronic medical records. Department of Defense databases are powerful resources for surveillance for service members, up until the time of separation. The Millennium Cohort Study is tracking the health status of 150,000 service members for 21 years, including after separation. Risk communication principles should be incorporated when reporting surveillance results. Often, there are several interested audiences, in addition to military leaders and service members.
本综述评估了国防部在部署期间对环境暴露进行医学监测的方法。文中回顾了该过程中的七个步骤：（1）暴露评估，（2）确定目标人群，（3）监测当前暴露情况，（4）监测长期影响，（5）保存环境数据记录，（6）分析监测数据，以及（7）结果通报。一旦识别出暴露情况，就需要立即进行评估，并且应在暴露发生时识别出可能暴露的个体。长期健康监测主要依赖电子病历。国防部数据库是监测现役军人直至退役时的强大资源。千禧队列研究正在对15万名军人的健康状况进行为期21年的跟踪，包括退役之后。在报告监测结果时应纳入风险沟通原则。除军事领导人和军人外，通常还有多个感兴趣的受众群体。
