Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Clin Infect Dis. 2011 Oct;53(8):787-92. doi: 10.1093/cid/cir539.
Pedicure-associated nontuberculous mycobacterial furunculosis has been reported in the setting of either outbreaks or sporadic case reports. The epidemiology of these infections is not well understood.
Systematic surveillance for pedicure-associated nontuberculous mycobacterial furunculosis was conducted in 2 North Carolina counties from 1 January 2005 through 31 December 2008. A subset of implicated nail salons and control salons was inspected and sampled for nontuberculous mycobacteria.
Forty cases of suspected or confirmed pedicure-associated nontuberculous mycobacterial furunculosis were reported during the 4-year study period. Furunculosis incidence in the surveillance region was 1.00, 0.96, 0.83, and 0.89 cases per 100,000 population in 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008, respectively. The responsible organisms primarily belonged to the Mycobacterium chelonae/abscessus group (30 [91%] of 33 isolates). Thirteen implicated salons and 11 control salons were visited and environmentally sampled. An assortment of nontuberculous mycobacteria was cultured from footbaths, but there was no association between the species distribution of the environmental isolates and implication of the salon in human infection. Evidence of suboptimal cleaning (visible debris or surface biofilms) was observed in at least 1 footbath for 11 of 13 implicated salons and 4 of 11 control salons (P = .032).
Pedicure-associated mycobacterial furunculosis was endemic in these 2 North Carolina counties during 2005-2008. Suboptimal footbath cleaning may have contributed to these infections, which suggests straightforward means of potential prevention. The relative rarity of this type of infection in the setting of nearly ubiquitous exposure to these pathogens suggests that as yet undefined host-specific or procedure-related factors may be involved in susceptibility to these infections.
美甲相关的非结核分枝杆菌疖病，无论是在暴发还是散发病例报告中，都有报道。这些感染的流行病学情况尚不清楚。
2005 年 1 月 1 日至 2008 年 12 月 31 日，在北卡罗来纳州的 2 个县进行了美甲相关的非结核分枝杆菌疖病的系统监测。对部分涉及的美甲沙龙和对照沙龙进行了检查，并对非结核分枝杆菌进行了采样。
在 4 年的研究期间，报告了 40 例疑似或确诊的美甲相关的非结核分枝杆菌疖病。监测地区的疖病发病率在 2005 年、2006 年、2007 年和 2008 年分别为每 100,000 人口 1.00、0.96、0.83 和 0.89 例。负责的生物体主要属于分枝杆菌 Chelonae/脓肿组（33 株分离株中的 30 株[91%]）。对 13 家涉及的沙龙和 11 家对照沙龙进行了访问和环境采样。从洗脚盆中培养出了各种非结核分枝杆菌，但环境分离株的物种分布与沙龙在人体感染中的牵连之间没有关联。在 13 家涉及的沙龙中，至少有 11 家的洗脚盆中观察到了至少 1 种清洗不彻底（可见的碎屑或表面生物膜）的证据，而在 11 家对照沙龙中，有 4 家（P =.032）。
在 2005-2008 年期间，北卡罗来纳州的这 2 个县都存在美甲相关的分枝杆菌疖病。洗脚盆清洗不彻底可能导致了这些感染，这表明存在预防这些感染的简单方法。在普遍接触这些病原体的情况下，这种类型的感染相对罕见，这表明可能涉及尚未明确的宿主特异性或程序相关因素，导致易感性。
