Strobel J, Spengler C, Stefanski M, Friemert B, Palm H-G
Klinik für Unfallchirurgie und Orthopädie, Unfallchirurgische Forschungsgruppe, Bundeswehrkrankenhaus Ulm.
Sportverletz Sportschaden. 2011 Sep;25(3):159-66. doi: 10.1055/s-0029-1246114. Epub 2011 Sep 15.
In order for balance to be maintained, the postural control system must process above all visual, vestibular and proprioceptive information and translate this input into appropriate motor responses. The influence of bodily constitution and physical activity on motor responses and thus on postural stability is still unclear. To use computerized dynamic posturography (CDP) to investigate the influence of body height, body mass index (BMI), regular sporting activity and acute maximal exercise on balance.
Eighty-four subjects completed a standardized questionnaire on their height, BMI and sporting activity. We then assessed the postural stability of the subjects. Seventeen further subjects performed a maximal exercise test on a bicycle ergometer. We used CDP and a predefined protocol to assess balance at rest, at maximal exercise and then at 5-minute intervals until recovery.
Body height and regular physical activity did not influence balance ability. By contrast, BMI and acute physical exercise had a strong effect. Immediately after maximal exercise, postural stability deteriorated by 44 % compared to the baseline level (p < 0.017). Complete recovery occurred within only 15 minutes.
Whereas body height and regular physical activity do not influence balance performance, a high BMI value and acute maximal exercise lead to a considerable decrease in postural stability. Our results can thus explain the increasing risk of injury after strenuous physical activity, especially in association with sports that require excellent balance.
为了维持平衡，姿势控制系统必须首先处理视觉、前庭和本体感觉信息，并将这些输入转化为适当的运动反应。身体构成和体育活动对运动反应进而对姿势稳定性的影响仍不明确。使用计算机动态姿势描记法（CDP）来研究身高、体重指数（BMI）、规律体育活动和急性最大运动对平衡的影响。
84名受试者完成了一份关于其身高、BMI和体育活动的标准化问卷。然后我们评估了受试者的姿势稳定性。另外17名受试者在自行车测力计上进行了最大运动测试。我们使用CDP和预定义方案在静息状态、最大运动时以及之后每隔5分钟直至恢复时评估平衡。
身高和规律体育活动不影响平衡能力。相比之下，BMI和急性体育锻炼有显著影响。最大运动后立即进行测试时，姿势稳定性较基线水平下降了44%（p < 0.017）。仅在15分钟内就完全恢复。
身高和规律体育活动不影响平衡表现，而高BMI值和急性最大运动导致姿势稳定性显著下降。因此，我们的结果可以解释剧烈体育活动后受伤风险增加的现象，尤其是与需要出色平衡能力的运动相关时。
