Kekkaku. 2011 Jul;86(7):737-41.
In 2009 the tuberculosis (TB) incidence rates of the elderly population aged 65-74, 75-84 and 85 or older were 26.5, 63.4 and 98.1 per 100,000 in Japan, respectively. The TB incidence rate of those aged 65-79 showed a substantial decrease compared to 2000, with the rate decrease of those aged 85 or older being less pronounced. The proportion of TB cases aged 65 or older among all TB patients increased 1.6 times to 58.0% in 2009 from 36.8% in 1987; in particular, the proportion of those aged 80 or older increased 3.6 times to 28.8% from 7.9% in 1987. The proportion of elderly TB cases showed substantial differences between prefectures. The proportion of extra-pulmonary TB among elderly female TB patients aged 65-74 was 34.3% (22.4% for female TB patients aged 15-64). The proportion of bacillary TB among elderly pulmonary TB (PTB) patients was larger than that of young patients, but the proportion of cavitary PTB among elderly PTB patients was smaller than that of young PTB patients. The proportion of TB patients whose cases did not include respiratory symptoms increased with age. Among this group, the proportions of those aged 65-74, 75-84 and 85 or older were 15.9%, 21.3% and 22.7%, respectively. The elderly TB "patient's delay" was shorter than young TB "patient's delay", although the "doctor's delay" for elderly TB patients was longer than that for young TB patients. Most TB patients including elderly TB patients were detected upon their visit to a medical institution with some symptoms; in the case of elderly TB, more patients were detected as outpatients or inpatients for diseases other than TB. The prognosis of newly notified TB patients in 2008 was followed up until the end of 2009. Among TB patients aged 65 or older, 27.6% died within one year and 15.5% died within 3 months. The proportion of death showed a substantial increase with age; the increase was particularly accelerated among those aged 75 years or older.
2009年，日本65 - 74岁、75 - 84岁以及85岁及以上老年人群的结核病发病率分别为每10万人26.5例、63.4例和98.1例。与2000年相比，65 - 79岁人群的结核病发病率大幅下降，而85岁及以上人群的发病率下降幅度较小。65岁及以上结核病患者在所有结核病患者中的比例从1987年的36.8%增至2009年的58.0%，增长了1.6倍；特别是80岁及以上人群的比例从1987年的7.9%增至28.8%，增长了3.6倍。老年结核病患者比例在各都道府县之间存在显著差异。65 - 74岁老年女性结核病患者中肺外结核的比例为34.3%（15 - 64岁女性结核病患者为22.4%）。老年肺结核（PTB）患者中菌阳结核的比例高于年轻患者，但老年PTB患者中空洞性PTB的比例低于年轻PTB患者。不伴有呼吸道症状的结核病患者比例随年龄增长而增加。在这组患者中，65 - 74岁、75 - 84岁以及85岁及以上人群的比例分别为15.9%、21.3%和22.7%。老年结核病患者的“患者延迟”短于年轻结核病患者，不过老年结核病患者的“医生延迟”长于年轻结核病患者。包括老年结核病患者在内的大多数结核病患者是在因某些症状就诊医疗机构时被发现的；就老年结核病而言，更多患者是作为非结核病疾病的门诊或住院患者被发现的。对2008年新报告的结核病患者的预后进行了随访，直至2009年底。65岁及以上的结核病患者中，27.6%在1年内死亡，15.5%在3个月内死亡。死亡率随年龄显著上升；在75岁及以上人群中上升尤为加速。
