Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
Sci Total Environ. 2011 Nov 1;409(23):5000-9. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.07.065. Epub 2011 Sep 16.
Carbonyl compounds (carbonyls) are important constituents of cigarette smoke and some are toxic and may be carcinogenic or mutagenic to humans. In this study carbonyl emissions in the gas and particle phases of mainstream cigarette smoke were assessed by GC-MS with pentafluorophenyl hydrazine (PFPH) derivatization. Seven brands of cigarettes and one brand of cigar common in the UK market and having differing nicotine, tar and carbon monoxide yields were investigated. Sixteen carbonyl components were identified in gaseous emissions and twenty in the particle phase. In the gaseous emissions, acetaldehyde presented as the predominant species, followed by formaldehyde, 2-propenal, and pentanal. In the particulate emissions, 1-hydroxy-2-propanone was the most abundant followed by formaldehyde, benzaldehyde, and 2,5-dimethylbenzaldehyde. Significant differences were found in carbonyl emissions among the brands of cigarettes. The gaseous carbonyl emissions varied in the range of 216-405 μg cigarette(-1) (μg cig(-1)) and the particulate carbonyl emissions varied in the range of 23-127 μg cig(-1). Positive correlations were found between the total emission of carbonyls, tar yield and carbon monoxide yield. Similar gas/particle (G/P) partitioning ratios of carbonyls were found among all cigarettes, which implies that G/P partitions of carbonyls in smoke mainly depend on the physical properties of the carbonyls. The gaseous carbonyl emissions were enhanced by 40% to 130% when some of the water, accounting for 8-12% of cigarettes in mass, was removed from the tobacco. Non-filtered cigarettes showed significantly higher carbonyl emissions compared to their filtered equivalents. Carbonyl particulate accounted for 11-19% by mass of total particulate matter from tobacco smoke. The cigar generated 806 μg cig(-1) gaseous and 141 μg cig(-1) particulate carbonyls, which is 2-4 times greater than the cigarettes.
羰基化合物（羰基）是香烟烟雾的重要组成部分，其中一些具有毒性，可能对人类具有致癌性或致突变性。在这项研究中，通过 GC-MS 与五氟苯肼（PFPH）衍生化法评估了主流香烟烟雾中气相和颗粒相的羰基排放。研究了英国市场上常见的七种香烟品牌和一种雪茄品牌，这些品牌的尼古丁、焦油和一氧化碳产量不同。在气态排放物中鉴定出 16 种羰基成分，在颗粒相中共鉴定出 20 种羰基成分。在气态排放物中，乙醛为主要物质，其次是甲醛、丙烯醛和戊醛。在颗粒相排放物中，1-羟基-2-丙酮含量最高，其次是甲醛、苯甲醛和 2,5-二甲基苯甲醛。不同品牌的香烟在羰基排放方面存在显著差异。羰基的气态排放量在 216-405μg 香烟（μg cig(-1))范围内变化，颗粒羰基排放量在 23-127μg 香烟（μg cig(-1))范围内变化。发现羰基总排放量、焦油产量和一氧化碳产量之间存在正相关关系。所有香烟的羰基气/粒（G/P）分配比相似，这意味着烟雾中羰基的 G/P 分配主要取决于羰基的物理性质。当从烟草中去除占质量 8-12%的部分水时，一些羰基的气态排放量增加了 40%至 130%。未经过滤的香烟与经过滤的香烟相比，羰基排放量显著更高。来自烟草烟雾的总颗粒物中，颗粒状羰基占 11-19%。雪茄的气态羰基排放量为 806μg cig(-1)，颗粒状羰基排放量为 141μg cig(-1)，是香烟的 2-4 倍。
