Matushita Hamilton, Pinto Fernando Campos Gomes, Cardeal Daniel Dante, Teixeira Manoel Jacobsen
Department of Neurosurgery/Pediatric Neurosurgery, Clinic Hospital, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.
Childs Nerv Syst. 2011 Oct;27(10):1709-21. doi: 10.1007/s00381-011-1500-3. Epub 2011 Sep 17.
Cysticercosis (CC) is the most important of the parasitic diseases of the central nervous system due to its high incidence in the world. CC is the infection with the larval cysts of Taenia solium. It is the most common helminthic infection of the nervous system and is endemic in most underdeveloped countries as well as in industrialized nations. It is estimated that approximately 50,000 people die every year from neurocysticercosis (NCC) worldwide.
Humans with CC are incidental intermediate hosts, which replace the pig in the life cycle of the T. solium. Children are more frequently affected by parenchyma infestation of cysticercus, of which the main clinical manifestation is epilepsy. Hydrocephalus is more common in adults and is caused by cerebrospinal fluid blockage by ventricular cysts and inflammatory reactions (ependimitis/arachnoiditis). Treatment should be individualized based on clinical presentation, degree of infestation, location and viability of cysticercus, and host response. Hydrocephalus can be controlled only by removal of obstructive intraventricular cysts or associated with either ventriculoperitoneal shunt or endoscopic third ventriculostomy. The degree of infestation and complications related to the shunt represents the most important prognostic factors in the outcome of NCC.
囊尾蚴病（CC）是中枢神经系统最重要的寄生虫病，因其在全球发病率高。CC是由猪带绦虫幼虫囊尾蚴感染引起。它是神经系统最常见的蠕虫感染，在大多数欠发达国家以及工业化国家均为地方病。据估计，全球每年约有50000人死于神经囊尾蚴病（NCC）。
患有CC的人类是偶然的中间宿主，在猪带绦虫的生命周期中取代了猪的位置。儿童更常受到囊尾蚴实质感染的影响，其主要临床表现为癫痫。脑积水在成年人中更常见，是由脑室囊肿阻塞脑脊液以及炎症反应（室管膜炎/蛛网膜炎）引起的。治疗应根据临床表现、感染程度、囊尾蚴的位置和活力以及宿主反应进行个体化。脑积水只能通过切除阻塞性脑室内囊肿或联合脑室腹腔分流术或内镜下第三脑室造瘘术来控制。感染程度和与分流相关的并发症是NCC预后最重要的因素。
