Department of Pediatrics, S. Gerardo Hospital, via Pergolesi 33, Monza, Italy.
Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2011 Sep;11(9):1391-401. doi: 10.1586/era.11.37.
Minimal residual disease (MRD) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) can be measured either by flow cytometry to detect leukemic immunophenotypes or by PCR amplification of fusion transcripts, gene mutations and overexpressed genes. Flow cytometry MRD is widely applicable but has an intermediate sensitivity; PCR MRD is highly sensitive but has a restricted applicability. MRD, measured at different time points throughout AML treatment, has proven to powerfully predict the risk of relapse. Acute promyelocytic leukemia, a subtype of AML, represents an excellent example of systematic evaluation and established clinical application of MRD performed by PCR. However, a standardization of MRD techniques, threshold levels, time-points and clinical interventions based on its results is still needed in this field. This article is focused on the current available information on MRD as a prognostic marker in childhood AML.
急性髓细胞白血病（AML）中的微小残留病（MRD）可通过流式细胞术检测白血病免疫表型或通过融合转录本、基因突变和过表达基因的 PCR 扩增来测量。流式细胞术 MRD 应用广泛，但灵敏度中等；PCR-MRD 高度敏感，但适用范围有限。在 AML 治疗过程中不同时间点测量的 MRD 已被证明可有力预测复发风险。急性早幼粒细胞白血病（APL）是 AML 的一个亚型，是通过 PCR 进行 MRD 系统评估和临床应用的一个极好范例。然而，在这一领域仍需要基于 MRD 技术、阈值水平、时间点和临床干预的标准化。本文主要关注目前有关 MRD 作为儿童 AML 预后标志物的可用信息。
