Acosta Jose A, Faz Ángel, Kalbitz Karsten, Jansen Boris, Martínez-Martínez Silvia
Sustainable Use, Management, and Reclamation of Soil and Water Research Group, Department of Agrarian Science and Technology, Technical University of Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 52, 30203 Cartagena, Murcia, Spain.
J Environ Monit. 2011 Nov;13(11):3087-96. doi: 10.1039/c1em10364d. Epub 2011 Sep 20.
Street dust has been sampled from six different types of land use of the city of Murcia (Spain). The samples were fractionated into eleven particle size fractions (<2, 2-10, 10-20, 20-50, 50-75, 75-106, 106-150, 150-180, 180-425, 425-850 μm and 850-2000 μm) and analyzed for Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd. The concentrations of these four potentially toxic metals were assessed, as well as the effect of particle size on their distribution. A severe enrichment of all metals was observed for all land-uses (industrial, suburban, urban and highways), with the concentration of all metals affected by the type of land-use. Coarse and fine particles in all cases showed concentrations of metals higher than those found in undisturbed areas. However, the results indicated a preferential partitioning of metals in fine particle size fractions in all cases, following a logarithmic distribution. The accumulation in the fine fractions was higher when the metals had an anthropogenic origin. The strong overrepresentation of metals in particles <10 μm indicates that if the finest fractions are removed by a vacuum-assisted dry sweeper or a regenerative-air sweeper the risk of metal dispersion and its consequent risk for humans will be highly reduced. Therefore, we recommend that risk assessment programs include monitoring of metal concentrations in dust where each land-use is separately evaluated. The finest particle fractions should be examined explicitly in order to apply the most efficient measures for reducing the risk of inhalation and ingestion of dust for humans and risk for the environment.
已从西班牙穆尔西亚市六种不同土地利用类型中采集街道灰尘样本。这些样本被分成11个粒径级分（<2、2 - 10、10 - 20、20 - 50、50 - 75、75 - 106、106 - 150、150 - 180、180 - 425、425 - 850微米和850 - 2000微米），并对铅、铜、锌和镉进行分析。评估了这四种潜在有毒金属的浓度以及粒径对其分布的影响。在所有土地利用类型（工业、郊区、城市和公路）中均观察到所有金属的严重富集，所有金属的浓度受土地利用类型影响。在所有情况下，粗颗粒和细颗粒中的金属浓度均高于未受干扰地区。然而，结果表明在所有情况下金属在细粒径级分中优先分配，呈对数分布。当金属来源于人为活动时，在细级分中的积累更高。<10微米颗粒中金属的强烈超标表明，如果通过真空辅助干式清扫车或再生空气清扫车去除最细级分，金属扩散风险及其对人类的后续风险将大大降低。因此，我们建议风险评估计划应包括监测不同土地利用类型中灰尘的金属浓度。应明确检查最细颗粒级分，以便采取最有效的措施降低人类吸入和摄入灰尘的风险以及对环境的风险。
