Department of Chemistry and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States.
ACS Nano. 2011 Oct 25;5(10):8089-99. doi: 10.1021/nn2026758. Epub 2011 Sep 21.
The polyol process is one of the most common methods for synthesizing metal nanoparticles with controlled shapes and sizes due to its wide applicability and ease of use. These nanostructures often have unique morphology-dependent properties that are useful in a range of applications, including catalysis, plasmonics, and medical diagnostics and therapeutics. While many variations of the polyol process have been developed to produce shape-controlled nanoparticles, there has been no systematic investigation that defines the influence of the solvent on the shape and uniformity of the product. Here we show that proper selection of the polyol solvent can be used to manipulate the metal nanoparticle morphology. Each polyol has a different oxidation potential which, along with the metal reagent, defines the temperature at which particle formation takes place. For a given system, particle growth will vary between a kinetic and thermodynamic regime depending on the thermal conditions, which can be modulated through selection of the appropriate solvent. This strategy, which is demonstrated for the catalytically relevant rhodium system, facilitates the high-yield synthesis of monodisperse rhodium nanoparticles with shapes that include icosahedra, cubes, triangular plates, and octahedra.
多元醇法是一种最常用的方法，用于合成具有可控形状和尺寸的金属纳米粒子，因为它具有广泛的适用性和易用性。这些纳米结构通常具有独特的形态依赖性性质，在催化、等离子体学以及医学诊断和治疗等一系列应用中非常有用。尽管已经开发出许多种多元醇法变体来生产形状可控的纳米粒子，但还没有系统的研究来定义溶剂对产物形状和均匀性的影响。在这里，我们表明可以通过选择合适的多元醇溶剂来控制金属纳米粒子的形态。每种多元醇都有不同的氧化电位，与金属试剂一起，决定了粒子形成的温度。对于给定的体系，根据热条件，颗粒生长将在动力学和热力学区域之间变化，这可以通过选择适当的溶剂来调节。这种策略在催化相关的铑体系中得到了证明，促进了高产量合成具有二十面体、立方体、三角板和八面体等形状的单分散铑纳米粒子。
