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达尔文的遗产:生物学为何不是物理学,或为何进化论尚未成为常识。

Darwin's legacy: why biology is not physics, or why evolution has not become a common sense.

机构信息

Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.

出版信息

Genome. 2011 Oct;54(10):868-73. doi: 10.1139/g11-046. Epub 2011 Sep 23.

Abstract

Cosmology and evolution together have enabled us to look deep into the past and comprehend evolution-from the big bang to the cosmos, from molecules to humans. Here, I compare the nature of theories in biology and physics and ask why physical theories get accepted by the public without necessarily comprehending them but biological theories do not. Darwin's theory of natural selection, utterly simple in its premises but profound in its consequences, is not accepted widely. Organized religions, and creationists in particularly, have been the major critic of evolution, but not all opposition to evolution comes from organized religions. A great many people, between evolutionary biologists on one hand and creationists on the other, many academics included, who may not be logically opposed to evolution nevertheless do not accept it. This is because the process of and the evidence for evolution are invisible to a nonspecialist, or the theory may look too simple to explain complex traits to some, or because people compare evolution against God and find evolutionary explanations threatening to their beliefs. Considering how evolution affects our lives, including health and the environment to give just two examples, a basic course in evolution should become a required component of all our college and university educational systems.

摘要

宇宙学和进化论使我们能够深入了解过去,理解从大爆炸到宇宙、从分子到人等各个方面的进化。在这里,我比较了生物学和物理学理论的性质,并探讨了为什么物理理论可以在公众中得到接受,而不必非得理解它们,但生物学理论却不能。达尔文的自然选择理论,其前提极其简单,但后果却极其深远,却没有得到广泛的认可。有组织的宗教,特别是神创论者,一直是进化论的主要批评者,但并非所有反对进化论的人都来自有组织的宗教。介于进化论生物学家和神创论者之间的许多人,包括许多学者,他们可能在逻辑上并不反对进化论,但也不接受它。这是因为进化的过程和证据对于非专业人士来说是看不见的,或者对于某些人来说,这个理论看起来过于简单,无法解释复杂的特征,或者因为人们将进化与上帝进行比较,并发现进化解释对他们的信仰构成威胁。考虑到进化如何影响我们的生活,包括健康和环境等方面,仅举两个例子,大学和大学教育系统都应该将进化的基础课程作为必修课程。

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