Knönagel H
Urological Clinic, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland.
Urol Int. 1990;45(4):241-50. doi: 10.1159/000281716.
Nephrostomy is probably the most common percutaneous ultrasound-guided intervention. Since it is the basis for access to the collecting system of the kidney, the technique is described in detail. Other forms are diagnostic pyelopuncture and antegrade stenting. Percutaneous surgery requires dilatation of the tract upon puncture in order to introduce instruments for litholapaxy, splinting strictures (endopyeloplasty) or tumor resection. Retroperitoneal accumulations of fluid outside the collecting system can be drained under sonographic view. Ultrasound is further used to localize solid structures (kidney, renal tumor, lymph nodules, prostate) for biopsy.
肾造瘘术可能是最常见的经皮超声引导介入操作。由于它是进入肾脏集合系统的基础，故对该技术进行详细描述。其他形式包括诊断性肾盂穿刺和顺行支架置入术。经皮手术在穿刺时需要扩张通道，以便引入用于碎石、支撑狭窄（肾盂内成形术）或肿瘤切除的器械。集合系统外的腹膜后积液可在超声引导下引流。超声还用于定位实性结构（肾脏、肾肿瘤、淋巴结、前列腺）以进行活检。
